Entry routes for Zika virus in Brazil after 2014 world cup: New possibilities

Salvador, Felipe Scassi; Fujita, Dennis Minoru

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.10.004

Cited by 58 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is still unclear how ZIKV was introduced in Brazil. The lineage identified in serum samples from the first cases in the State of Bahia resembles a previously identified Asian lineage 4 .…”

supporting

confidence: 52%

Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil

Araujo

Ferreira

Nascimento

2016

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

129

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is now considered an emerging flavivirosis, with a first large outbreak registered in the Yap Islands in 2007. In 2013, a new outbreak was reported in the French Polynesia, with associated cases of neurological complications including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The incidence of GBS has increased in Brazil since 2015, what is speculated to be secondary to the ZIKV infection outbreak. The gold-standard test for detection of acute ZIKV infection is the polymerase-chain reaction technique, an essay largely unavailable in Brazil. The diagnosis of GBS is feasible even in resource-limited areas using the criteria proposed by the GBS Classification Group, which is based solely on clinical grounds. Further understanding on the relationship of ZIKV with neurological complications is a research urgency.

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supporting

confidence: 52%

Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil

Araujo

Ferreira

Nascimento

2016

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

129

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“…albopictus are larger in subtropical areas, especially in southern Brazil (193). It was first suggested that ZIKV was introduced to Brazil during the World Cup soccer competition in 2014 (28,172,194), but teams from Pacific countries with ongoing circulation of ZIKV did not participate in that competition. In 2014, however, Brazil also hosted the World Spring Canoe championship in Rio de Janeiro with the participation of four Pacific Countries in which ZIKV was circulating (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, the Cook Islands, and Easter Island).…”

Section: Emergence Of Zikv In the Americasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus

2016

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SUMMARYZika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the genusFlavivirusand the familyFlaviviridae. ZIKV was first isolated from a nonhuman primate in 1947 and from mosquitoes in 1948 in Africa, and ZIKV infections in humans were sporadic for half a century before emerging in the Pacific and the Americas. ZIKV is usually transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The clinical presentation of Zika fever is nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as other infectious diseases, especially those due to arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya. ZIKV infection was associated with only mild illness prior to the large French Polynesian outbreak in 2013 and 2014, when severe neurological complications were reported, and the emergence in Brazil of a dramatic increase in severe congenital malformations (microcephaly) suspected to be associated with ZIKV. Laboratory diagnosis of Zika fever relies on virus isolation or detection of ZIKV-specific RNA. Serological diagnosis is complicated by cross-reactivity among members of theFlavivirusgenus. The adaptation of ZIKV to an urban cycle involving humans and domestic mosquito vectors in tropical areas where dengue is endemic suggests that the incidence of ZIKV infections may be underestimated. There is a high potential for ZIKV emergence in urban centers in the tropics that are infested with competent mosquito vectors such asAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus.

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“…and subsequently reached the USA. A close phylogenetic relationship between Asian and Oceanic strains and South American strains of ZIKV may be associated with the introduction of ZIKV in Brazil by the participants from the Oceanic countries for the Va'a World Sprint Championship or Asian travelers during the FIFA World Cup [21,[25][26][27]. In 2015, global warming and climate changes in association with El Niño in North and eastern South America might have further accelerated the spread of Aedes mosquitoes and ZIKV in Brazil [28].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%