Entstaubung von Lichtbogenöfen in der Stahlindustrie

Kirschen, Marcus; Velikorodov, Viktor; Pfeifer, Herbert

doi:10.1002/cite.200303224

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The off‐gas (time‐averaged analysis approx. 30% CO, 10% CO 2 , 55% N 2 , 5% H 2 , T = 1200–1750 °C) is post‐combusted at the elbow gap (4th roof hole) with secondary air, partly in the off‐gas duct, predominantly in the post‐combustion chamber. The dust‐laden primary gas is quenched, mixed with ambient air from the roof area of the steel plant, and the resulting gas flow cleaned in the filter system …”

Section: Design Of Common Electric Arc Furnaces (Ac Eaf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrical energy is transformed into thermal energy by the ohmic resistance of the electrodes, the scrap and the melt. The thermal energy is emitted to the environment at arc temperatures of 10 000–15 000 °C by convection and radiation of the ionized gases . The power P arc of the arc introduced into the charged material results from the arc voltage U arc and the current rating I arc ( P arc = U arc · I arc ).…”

Section: Design Of Common Electric Arc Furnaces (Ac Eaf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Modeling and Simulation of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Odenthal

Kemminger

Krause

et al. 2017

steel research int.

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The exponential growth of computing power in the last two decades opens up entirely new options for numerical simulations of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). Simulations can be used to analyze physical phenomena resisting direct observation or operational measurement even to this very day. This paper gives an overview of the state-of-the-art of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation on the EAF as well as an outlook on future fields of application, while being well aware that by far not all phenomena and literature can be used. The paper makes no claim to exhaustiveness, especially since three subjects of simulation technology have to be excluded: Process models for furnace controlling, stress calculations, electromagnetic simulations. Thus, the focus is on the fluid-and thermo-dynamic furnace processes and on fundamental methods that can be applied to examine these processes. The basic EAF functionalities and selected fluid-dynamic simulations are presented, for example, on multiphase flow, thermal loading of refractory lining and wall panels, chemical reactions and post-combustion, oxygen injection technology, and bottom tapping.

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Section: Design Of Common Electric Arc Furnaces (Ac Eaf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Of Common Electric Arc Furnaces (Ac Eaf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Modeling and Simulation of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Odenthal

Kemminger

Krause

et al. 2017

steel research int.

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“…Currently off‐gas waste heat recovery for electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking is not a wide spread technology and so up to one‐third of the energy input is lost via off‐gas waste heat in most EAFs. [ 1,2 ] Obstacles for the implementation of waste heat recovery processes are the fluctuating temperature, changing mass flow, and high dust content (up to 25 g m − 3 (STP)) of the EAF off‐gas and high payback times of the investment. [ 3,4 ] Process‐related a heat storage device is necessary to balance power‐off times during tapping and charging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off‐Gas Waste Heat Recovery for Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Using Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) Dehydration

Hartfuß¹,

Schmid²,

Scheffknecht³

2020

steel research int.

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Off-gas waste heat recovery for electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking is challenging because high off-gas velocity, fluctuating temperature, and high dust contents must be considered. In addition to the harsh off-gas conditions, a heat storage system must be included to balance power-off times of the EAF during taping or charging. However, waste heat recovery offers a significant potential for further efficiency improvements in EAF steelmaking. Herein, a novel process concept for extraction, storage, and utilization of off-gas waste heat via entrained flow dehydration of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2) for efficient power generation is described. The use of waste heat exchangers is avoided, and small heat storage units are achieved. The process concept, Ca(OH) 2 dehydration and heat storage mechanism as well as important process parameters are discussed. Finally, the energy balance of the waste heat recovery process and further process improvements are presented.

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“…Considering the feasibility study of the iRecovery® system, it is capable of recovering up to 70 % of the lost energy through the off‐gas and cooling 9 – 11. Kirschen investigated mathematically the heat transfer in dedusting plants and also compared the result to off‐gas measurements at electric arc furnaces 12, 13. Voj and Echterhof evaluated the nitrogen oxide formation and emissions from electric arc furnace in the steel industry 14, 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of 5‐(1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐yl)tetrazoles with Various Energetic Functionalities

Dippold

Klapötke

2013

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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In this contribution the synthesis and full structural as well as spectroscopic characterization of three 5-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)tetrazoles along with selected energetic moieties like nitro, nitrimino, and azido groups are presented. The main goal is a comparative study on the influence of those variable energetic moieties on structural and energetic properties. A complete characterization including IR and Raman as well as multinuclear NMR spectroscopy of all compounds is presented. Additionally, X-ray crystallographic measurements were performed and reveal insights into structural characteristics as well as inter- and intramolecular interactions. The standard enthalpies of formation were calculated for all compounds at the CBS-4M level of theory and reveal high positive heats of formation for all compounds. The calculated detonation parameters (using the EXPLO5.05 program) are in the range of 8000 m s(-1) (8097 m s(-1) (5), 8020 m s(-1) (6), 7874 m s(-1) (7)). As expected, the measured impact and friction sensitivities as well as decomposition temperatures strongly depend on the energetic moiety at the triazole ring. The C-C connection of a triazole ring with its opportunity to introduce a large variety of energetic moieties and a tetrazole ring, implying a large energy content, leads to the selective synthesis of primary and secondary explosives.

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Entstaubung von Lichtbogenöfen in der Stahlindustrie

Abstract: No abstracts.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Review on Modeling and Simulation of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Review on Modeling and Simulation of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Off‐Gas Waste Heat Recovery for Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Using Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) Dehydration

Synthesis and Characterization of 5‐(1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐yl)tetrazoles with Various Energetic Functionalities

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Entstaubung von Lichtbogenöfen in der Stahlindustrie

Abstract: No abstracts.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Review on Modeling and Simulation of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Review on Modeling and Simulation of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Off‐Gas Waste Heat Recovery for Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Using Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) Dehydration

Synthesis and Characterization of 5‐(1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐yl)tetrazoles with Various Energetic Functionalities

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Product

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About

Off‐Gas Waste Heat Recovery for Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Using Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) Dehydration