“…However, according to a critique on the TTM (Brewer & Rimer, 2008;Faltermaier, 2005) and in line with findings from research on the construct of treatment motivation (cf. Drieschner, Lammers, & van der Staak, 2004;Schulz, Nübling, & Rüddel, 1995), there may also be other affective and social variables that indicate different motivations to change. Referring to research on treatment motivation, an individual's level of suffering (Drieschner et al, 2004) or psychological strain (Schulz et al, 1995), as well as an individual's feelings of hope (Schulz et al, 1995), can play a role as affective determinants of treatment motivation.…”