Enumeration and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in novelty ice cream samples manufactured on a specific production line linked to a listeriosis outbreak

Burall, Laurel S.; Chen, Yi; Macarisin, Dumitru; Pouillot, Régis; Strain, Errol; Jesús, Antonio J. De; Laasri, Anna; Wang, Hua; Ali, Laila; Tatavarthy, Aparna; Zhang, Guodong; Hu, Lijun; Day, James B.; Kang, Jihun; Sahu, S. K.; Grim, Christopher J.; Srinivasan, Devayani; Parish, Mickey E.; Evans, Peter; Brown, Eric W.; Hammack, Thomas S.; Zink, Donald L.; Datta, Atin R.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.026

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Many isolates having the same patterns regarding the presence/absence of prophage/islet fell into the same clades; however, there were many exceptions (Figure 10B). Therefore, the gain/loss of prophages only partially correlated with the nucleotide variations in the genome backbone, which was also observed in previously performed SNP-based phylogenetic analysis (Burall et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2017b). However, SNP-based phylogeny identified a 13-isolate clade with good bootstrap support, containing 11 of the 12 isolates from ice cream bars, and was suggested to be strongly associated with ice cream bars (Chen et al, 2017b); this is consistent with the cgMLST analysis of only isolates of multistate outbreak strain #1 (Figure S4).…”

Section: Figure 7 | (A)supporting

confidence: 73%

Microevolution and Gain or Loss of Mobile Genetic Elements of Outbreak-Related Listeria monocytogenes in Food Processing Environments Identified by Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis

Hoffmann

Allard

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analyses have been instrumental in traceback investigations of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). To demonstrate how long-read sequencing analysis can capture and describe relationships among isolates from clinical, food, and environmental sources, we analyzed 366 long-read-and shotgun-sequenced isolates from 16 Lm outbreak strains associated with cantaloupe, leafy green, stone fruit, caramel apple, mung bean sprout, multiple cheese products, multiple ice cream products, and their production environments. The analyses demonstrated that outbreak strains could be distributed in different areas and zones of food production environments through persistent or repeated contamination. Multi-strain and multi-clone contamination were common. Further, WGS could differentiate among isolates collected at different time points or from different production lines in the same facility, revealing microevolution events in processing environments. Our comparison between complete and shotgun genomes showed that isolates of the same outbreak strain diversified mostly by gain/loss of plasmids and chromosome-borne prophages that constitute 2 to 5% of the chromosome. In contrast, other genes missing in the shotgun genomes were randomly scattered, constituting ∼0.5% of the chromosome. Among different outbreak strains of the same CC, most gene-scale differences were due to gain/loss of mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, chromosome-borne prophages, a Tn916 like transposon, and Listeria Genomic Island 2. The nucleotide variations in the same prophage and the same plasmid shared among isolates of the same outbreak strain were limited, which enabled different WGS tools to unambiguously cluster isolates of the same outbreak strain. In some outbreak strains, correlation between prophage gain/loss and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) accumulations in the genome backbone were observed.

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Section: Figure 7 | (A)supporting

confidence: 73%

Microevolution and Gain or Loss of Mobile Genetic Elements of Outbreak-Related Listeria monocytogenes in Food Processing Environments Identified by Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis

Hoffmann

Allard

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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“…WGS is innovative because it does not require targeting primers (Burall et al , 2017), but it allows molecular subtyping (Bal et al , 2016) and further state-of-the-art analyses using sophisticated approaches (Kase et al , 2017). Moreover, WGS has shown to provide advantages, compared with traditional methods, because of its suitability to identify AMR and to detect the emergence of new foodborne pathogen strains (Baker et al , 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investing in Food Safety for Developing Countries: Opportunities and Challenges in Applying Whole-Genome Sequencing for Food Safety Management

Apruzzese¹,

Song

Bonah³

et al. 2019

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has become a significant tool in investigating foodborne disease outbreaks and some countries have incorporated WGS into national food control systems. However, WGS poses technical challenges that deter developing countries from incorporating it into their food safety management system. A rapid scoping review was conducted, followed by a focus group session, to understand the current situation regarding the use of WGS for foodborne disease surveillance and food monitoring at the global level and identify key limiting factors for developing countries in adopting WGS for their food control systems. The results showed that some developed nations routinely use WGS in their food surveillance systems resulting in more precise understanding of the causes of outbreaks. In developing nations, knowledge of WGS exists in the academic/research sectors; however, there is limited understanding at the government level regarding the usefulness of WGS for food safety regulatory activities. Thus, incorporation of WGS is extremely limited in most developing nations. While some countries lack the capacity to collect and analyze the data generated from WGS, the most significant technical gap in most developing countries is in data interpretation using bioinformatics. The gaps in knowledge and capacities between developed and developing nations regarding use of WGS likely introduce an inequality in international food trade, and thus, relevant international organizations, as well as the countries that are already proficient in the use of WGS, have significant roles in assisting developing nations to be able to fully benefit from the technology and its applications in food safety management.

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“…Table 2 summarizes the results of enumeration from three different ice cream products of which product C was the only one implicated in the Kansas City outbreak; however, all three products were produced on the same production line in the same facility. The data showed that all three products have a very low level of consistent contamination, the highest being in product C (99%) followed by product A (77%) and product B (46%) 17,18) . The enumeration was performed using a most probable number (MPN) method with a lower limit of detection of 0.03 MPN/g, as well as a subset being evaluated by direct colony count.…”

Section: Listeriosis Outbreak Related To Ice Creammentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Foodborne Human Listeriosis

Datta

Burall

2018

Food Safety

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Human listeriosis results from the ingestion of foods contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). About 1600 listeriosis cases are reported every year in the USA with >95% hospitalization and 15-20% death. The proportions of persons with listeriosis hospitalized and who die are very similar in Europe with slightly higher rates in Scandinavian countries. The occurrence of disease requires adaptation, survival, and usually growth of Lm in foods before consumption by members of the susceptible population. Despite concerted efforts by the food safety community, the disease incidence has not changed significantly since 2001 and remains higher than the Healthy People 2020 target of 0.2 cases per 100,000 individuals. In recent years, human listeriosis cases have been reported to involve non-typical foods, e.g. celery, cantaloupe, caramel apple, frozen vegetables and ice cream. In some outbreaks, a few infected individuals were considered outside the realm of the standard vulnerable population group. Our recent work with the outbreak associated with ice cream samples, indicated that a low-level contamination in a food that does not support growth can cause listeriosis in highly susceptible populations. Separately, using a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based serotyping and whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based analyses; we have discovered that a genetic variant of the serotype 4b strain, called 4bV, was responsible for 3-4 recent outbreaks in the USA. Three of the four products associated with these outbreaks were grown in a small geographical region of the USA while the fourth was never linked to a specific grower, but rather a processing facility. These 4bV strains contain a 6.3kb DNA fragment normally associated with lineage II Lm strains. The significance of this DNA fragment in the serotype 4b background is currently being investigated. This article reviews current listeriosis outbreaks with an emphasis on the expansions in food niche, case demography and genotypes of Lm. The discussion raises important questions about Lm adaptation in different foods and environments and the role of certain genotypes in such adaptation and disease outcome.

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Enumeration and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in novelty ice cream samples manufactured on a specific production line linked to a listeriosis outbreak

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Microevolution and Gain or Loss of Mobile Genetic Elements of Outbreak-Related Listeria monocytogenes in Food Processing Environments Identified by Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis

Microevolution and Gain or Loss of Mobile Genetic Elements of Outbreak-Related Listeria monocytogenes in Food Processing Environments Identified by Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis

Investing in Food Safety for Developing Countries: Opportunities and Challenges in Applying Whole-Genome Sequencing for Food Safety Management

Current Trends in Foodborne Human Listeriosis

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