Envelhecimento saudável e atividade física: uma revisão sistemática sobre os efeitos do exercício nas doenças cardiovasculares

Abstract

Este artigo está licenciado sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional, que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que a publicação original seja corretamente citada. AbStRActAims: To perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials that assess the benefits of physical exercise (regular or competitive) for the health of the elderly and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Publications in PubMed, Web of Science, Library of Congress, Cochrane, and in databases with records of clinical trials between 2005 and 2016, and also in the proceedings of major congresses on cardiovascular diseases in the elderly were investigated using the terms defined in accordance with the "patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome" methodology. The following key words were used: physical effort, exercise, exercise therapy, physical activity, physical fitness, resistance training, cardiovascular disease, C-reactive protein, dyslipidemia, heart failure, cardiac insufficiency, revascularization, cardiac stent and heart transplant. Only randomized clinical trials with individuals aged over 60 years were included. The articles were assessed independently by two reviewers.Results: A total of 3,672 studies were assessed and 24 that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Most of these studies had small sample sizes and showed physical exercise as health-promoting. Only 16 studies reported the relationship of adherence to physical exercise as a preventive factor against cardiovascular diseases. The outcome measures included quality of life, physical ability or fitness status, muscle strength, heart rate, psychological aspects, inflammatory and nutritional markers, and progression of cardiovascular diseases. There is strong evidence that aerobic exercise improves physical fitness, muscle strength, and the quality of life of elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. Conclusions:The benefits of exercise training for elderly patients with cardiovascular disease are well established, supporting the prescription of exercise training for their regular treatments. Interventions that use exercise need to be progressively included in cardiovascular treatment regimens, although the best exercise protocol for patients with cardiovascular disease is not yet fully established.

Effect of visual condition and physical activity on the plantar pressure distribution in adult and older women

“…Participants in the adult group and older adult group were overweight and eutrophic, respectively, as well as the body mass index clas-sification for their respective age groups. This result was expected according to current literature, justified by sarcopenia, decreased lean mass, decreased bone density, and increased adipose tissue due to the aging process [25][26][27] . Women of both age groups in this study had irregular physical activity.…”

“…The literature points to practicing physical activity as a prevention strategy in the aging process, especially when activities are individually prescribed by a multidisciplinary team, which provide improved motor control and associated visuospatial learning 11,25,27 . In Brazil and other regions, public institutional support for practicing physical activity in the transition age for women improved their functional condition 3,[26][27][28] .…”

“…The literature points to practicing physical activity as a prevention strategy in the aging process, especially when activities are individually prescribed by a multidisciplinary team, which provide improved motor control and associated visuospatial learning 11,25,27 . In Brazil and other regions, public institutional support for practicing physical activity in the transition age for women improved their functional condition 3,[26][27][28] . Our findings partially agree with this information, suggesting that the practice of physical activity does not impose changes in the standing position, but rather causes motor adaptations characterized by relatively individual responses to plantar pressure variations.…”

Caracterização da prescrição de atividade física: Os direitos autorais enquanto possibilidade na modelagem da seção de treinamento

“…Citando alguns desses estudos é possível responsabilizar a atividade física a benefícios e combate de mazelas, como: envelhecimento saudável (Matsudo & Matsudo, 2008), combate à depressão (Costa, et al 2007), controle da diabetes de mellitus (Mercuri & Arrechea,2001), pressão arterial (Medina, 2010), hipertensão (Magalhães, 2017), tratamento de câncer (GurgeL;, doenças cardiovasculares (Estrela & Bauer, 2017), impactos positivos na gestação e lactação (Carmo, 2018 ), combate à obesidade (Dias; e associação recentemente à prevenção contra a COVID-19 (Souza & Tritany, 2020). Tais estudos sustentam a relevância da prática regular de atividade física e abordam ainda a necessidade da construção de seções de treinamentos específicas e individualizadas, as quais serão abordadas aqui como exercícios.…”

Envelhecimento Cognitivo, Autoeficácia e Atividade Física: Uma Revisão Sistemática

“…No que tange a atividade física e a saúde do idoso, um dos aspectos mais admiráveis, conforme a Figura 2, na classe "saúde" e "atividade física" e na nuvem de palavras na Figura 3, é a associação que o idoso tem com exercício, atividade física, saúde e funcionalidade, sendo que, a partir das produções científicas, nota-se que os sujeitos que são mais participativos fisicamente demonstram menor perigo de mortalidade por todas as razões do que os que são fisicamente inativos. Desse modo, é possível observar que o condicionamento físico na população idosa é um elemento preditivo de mortalidade que existe além do excessivo acúmulo de tecido adiposo abdominal ou total (Estrela & Bauer, 2017).…”