Environment and prevalence of diabetes in Israel.

Cohen, A.M.

doi:10.1620/tjem.141.suppl_745

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Average BMI increased from 21–23.6 pre-transition to 25–26 post-transition ( 49 ). Diabetes prevalence rose from 0.12% in males (M) and 0% in females (F) pre-transition to 0.25% (M) and 0.24% (F) after 20 years in Israel; 2.7% (M) and 3.2% (F) after 30 years, and 6.1% (M) and 3.1% (F) after 40 years ( 49 , 68 – 70 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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ImportanceNon-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer were rare among non-western populations with traditional diets and lifestyles. As populations transitioned toward industrialized diets and lifestyles, NCDs developed.ObjectiveWe performed a systematic literature review to examine the effects of diet and lifestyle transitions on NCDs.Evidence ReviewWe identified 22 populations that underwent a nutrition transition, eleven of which had sufficient data. Of these, we chose four populations with diverse geographies, diets and lifestyles who underwent a dietary and lifestyle transition and explored the relationship between dietary changes and health outcomes. We excluded populations with features overlapping with selected populations or with complicating factors such as inadequate data, subgroups, and different study methodologies over different periods. The selected populations were Yemenite Jews, Tokelauans, Tanushimaru Japanese, and Maasai. We also review transition data from seven excluded populations (Pima, Navajo, Aboriginal Australians, South African Natal Indians and Zulu speakers, Inuit, and Hadza) to assess for bias.FindingsThe three groups that replaced saturated fats (SFA) from animal (Yemenite Jews, Maasai) or plants (Tokelau) with refined carbohydrates had negative health outcomes (e.g., increased obesity, diabetes, heart disease). Yemenites reduced SFA consumption by >40% post-transition but men's BMI increased 19% and diabetes increased ~40-fold. Tokelauans reduced fat, dramatically reduced SFA, and increased sugar intake: obesity and diabetes rose. The Tanushimaruans transitioned to more fats and less carbohydrates and used more anti-hypertensive medications; stroke and breast cancer declined while heart disease was stable. The Maasai transitioned to lower fat, SFA and higher carbohydrates and had increased BMI and diabetes. Similar patterns were observed in the seven other populations.ConclusionThe nutrient category most strongly associated with negative health outcomes – especially obesity and diabetes – was sugar (increased 600–650% in Yemenite Jews and Tokelauans) and refined carbohydrates (among Maasai, total carbohydrates increased 39% in men and 362% in women), while increased calories was less strongly associated with these disorders. Across 11 populations, NCDs were associated with increased refined carbohydrates more than increased calories, reduced activity or other factors, but cannot be attributed to SFA or total fat consumption.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…These findings reemphasize that semiempirical calculations on complex chemical processes must be interpreted with caution. Table 5 summarizes the "fits" and "reactivities" exhibited by As mentioned earlier, the A3-cephem is 50 times less active, and the 4a-A2-cephem, which equilibrates with the A3-cephem in solution, is 5000 times less active that the penicillin.The 4 p epimer had been predicted by Noal Cohen to be active (65), but a compound of this type proved to be inactive when synthesized at Ciba-Geigy (66). According to Table 5, the A3-cephem has a slightly different fit than the penicillin, and it is inherently less reactive.…”

Section: Combining "Fit" With "Reactivity" Semiempirical Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

1992 Lemieux Award Lecture Studies related to the penicillin receptor

Wolfe¹

1994

Can. J. Chem.

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The relative antibacterial activities of penicillins and cephalosporins are discussed in terms of their differing abilities to complex to and react with penicillin-binding proteins. The insights gained from such an analysis are being used to attempt the design of new kinds of structures targeted to the penicillin receptor. Details of such design, and examples of several new classes of compounds suggested by this work, are described. Some of these compounds exhibit interesting antibacterial activity.

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Environment and prevalence of diabetes in Israel.

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review

Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review

1992 Lemieux Award Lecture Studies related to the penicillin receptor

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