Environment and Public Health: Air Pollution and Chronic Diseases

Petropoulou, Pinelopi; Artopoulou, Ioli; Kalemikerakis, Ioannis; Govina, Ourania

doi:10.3390/environsciproc2023026118

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Under specific plausible conditions, an earlier study demonstrated that results from time series studies equal estimates from a dynamic population, similar to a cohort study, when each individual’s survival experience is summarized as the daily number of deaths ( 70 ). These findings further emphasize two considerations: (i) short- and long-term effects are quantitatively similar and variations in observed effects are likely the result of differences in follow-up times between the time series and cohort designs and (ii) relying solely on the time series estimates of mortality (evaluating just a few days of exposure) to estimate the burden from wildfire PM 2.5 will likely underestimate the effects because the dose-response function fails to include the accumulated contribution of PM 2.5 to chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, asthma, lung function decrements, and diabetes ( 40 , 71 – 74 ), all of which could contribute to higher mortality risk and push some individuals into the susceptible ranges where acute events would accelerate their death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality attributable to PM _2.5 from wildland fires in California from 2008 to 2018

Connolly,

Marlier,

Garcia-Gonzales

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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In California, wildfire risk and severity have grown substantially in the last several decades. Research has characterized extensive adverse health impacts from exposure to wildfire-attributable fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), but few studies have quantified long-term outcomes, and none have used a wildfire-specific chronic dose-response mortality coefficient. Here, we quantified the mortality burden for PM 2.5 exposure from California fires from 2008 to 2018 using Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system wildland fire PM 2.5 estimates. We used a concentration-response function for PM 2.5 , applying ZIP code–level mortality data and an estimated wildfire-specific dose-response coefficient accounting for the likely toxicity of wildfire smoke. We estimate a total of 52,480 to 55,710 premature deaths are attributable to wildland fire PM 2.5 over the 11-year period with respect to two exposure scenarios, equating to an economic impact of $432 to $456 billion. These findings extend evidence on climate-related health impacts, suggesting that wildfires account for a greater mortality and economic burden than indicated by earlier studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality attributable to PM _2.5 from wildland fires in California from 2008 to 2018

Connolly,

Marlier,

Garcia-Gonzales

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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“…And we need to focus more on air quality management in educational spaces [10,11]. When carbon dioxide exceeds a certain concentration, it causes drowsiness and adversely affects not only the health of students but also their concentration in lectures [12,13]. To prevent this, confined spaces with many people need periodic ventilation as much as possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Flow Characteristics of Window-Combination-Type Ventilation System Using CFD

Cho,

Choi,

Kim

et al. 2023

Fluids

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In this study, we analyze the performance of ventilation modules to improve air quality in educational facilities. Using (CFD), we examine the flow design variables of a window-mounted ventilation module. Using computational analysis, we analyze various flow design characteristics of window-mounted ventilation modules and review optimal conditions. First, we measure the carbon dioxide concentration in the classroom and use CFD to analyze the internal air characteristics according to the ventilation module’s inflow speed, inflow angle, and indoor temperature conditions. According to classroom air quality management standards, the concentration of carbon dioxide must be managed below 1000 ppm. When the ventilation module’s inflow velocity was 2.0 m/s, a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 1000 ppm was measured in the classroom. Additionally, an air filter was selected to prevent the inflow of external fine dust through the ventilation module. The suitability of HEPA H14 was reviewed to design the weight concentration of fine dust flowing from the ventilation module to be less than 50 μg/m3. Through research, flow design conditions for a window-mounted ventilation module were presented to reduce carbon dioxide concentration inside the classroom. The analysis of the ventilation system flow characteristics proposed in this study derived primary data for improving the classroom ventilation system.

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Disparities in disaster healthcare: A review through a pandemic lens

Cornelius,

Mace,

Char

et al. 2024

Am J Disaster Med

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Objective: To provide an overview of the literature on the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on healthcare disparities in various groups, in relation to social determinants of health (SDOH) and longstanding social disparities. Design: The Disaster Preparedness and Response Committee of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) addressed the impact of health disparities in disaster planning and response. A workgroup composed of seven physicians with academic and deployment disaster medicine experience was formed. A literature review focusing on healthcare disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Search strategies included medical sources such as PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar and nonmedical publications focused on COVID-19. The group combined the literature found and identified general themes. A framework using recognized SDOH was applied to organize the material and allow for ease of reporting. We also noted the unmet burden and challenges that underserved communities struggled with prior to the pandemic onset. The workgroups’ report was presented to the ACEP Board of Directors. Results: COVID-19 significantly impacted groups burdened with poor SDOH to a much greater degree than the general population. Many healthcare disparities that existed prior to COVID-19 were worsened during the pandemic. Little information exists about how these inequities are being addressed. Conclusions: COVID-19 magnified and more fully exposed healthcare disparities. These disparities, although common, can be partially mitigated. Efforts are needed to better understand healthcare disparities brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and to find solutions to address future pandemics across all four phases of a disaster.

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Environment and Public Health: Air Pollution and Chronic Diseases

Abstract: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Mortality attributable to PM _2.5 from wildland fires in California from 2008 to 2018

Mortality attributable to PM _2.5 from wildland fires in California from 2008 to 2018

Analysis of Flow Characteristics of Window-Combination-Type Ventilation System Using CFD

Disparities in disaster healthcare: A review through a pandemic lens

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Environment and Public Health: Air Pollution and Chronic Diseases

Abstract: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Mortality attributable to PM 2.5 from wildland fires in California from 2008 to 2018

Mortality attributable to PM 2.5 from wildland fires in California from 2008 to 2018

Analysis of Flow Characteristics of Window-Combination-Type Ventilation System Using CFD

Disparities in disaster healthcare: A review through a pandemic lens

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Product

Resources

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Mortality attributable to PM _2.5 from wildland fires in California from 2008 to 2018

Mortality attributable to PM _2.5 from wildland fires in California from 2008 to 2018