Environment as a Breast Cancer-Causing Factors in Urban Women in Indonesia

Abstract

Environmental influence is one of the important factors in breast cancer incidence because residential and work environments may be potential for breast cancer outcomes. This study aimed to determine residential and workplace environments with the occurrence of women breast cancer in urban areas in Indonesia. This study used data from Non-Communicable Disease (NCD Research) in 2016 which covered 34 provinces in Indonesia. There were 38,790 people to measure the occurrence of breast cancer in women aged 25–64 years. The sample was women who were willing to be interviewed and to conduct clinical breast examinations (Sadanis). The analysis was aimed at finding out the correlation between exposure, residential environment, and workplaces with the occurrence of breast tumor/cancer. The results showed that the risk of breast cancer in women who worked in risky workplaces from the normal state was 1.96 times higher than women who worked in non-risky workplaces (OR=1.96; 95% CI= 1.41 to 2.7; p<0.001). Suspected of tumor/cancer in the residential areas are inversely proportional to those not living close to the mining location (OR=0.86; 95% CI= 0.77 to 0.97; p<0.001). These findings suggest the important role of the environment in breast cancer incidence. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a healthy lifestyle, both physically and spiritually, and provide regular health screening.

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“…Berdasarkan hasil survey, tingginya angka kematian anak balita rata-rata disebabkan oleh diare (Afifah et al, 2021) Persentase kejadian diare di wilayah sumatra barat yaitu 7.1%, dimana indonesia masuk dalam peringkat ke delapan dari 33 provinsi di indonesia. Di kelompokkan berdasarkan karakteristik penduduk, balita menjadi kelompok tertinggi yang menderita diare (Dharmayanti & Tjandrarini, 2020). Secara klinis diare dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri, virus, parasit, malabsorpsi, alergi, keracunan, imunodefisiensi dan lain-lain.…”