Environmental and Biological Monitoring in a Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Unit in India

Ravichandran, Bharath; Kalahasthi, Ravibabu; Raghavan, Sathees C.; Krishnamurthy, Vaidyanathan; Rajan, BK; Rajmohan, HR

doi:10.1539/joh.47.350

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Considering the present age of the workers and their years of job, it is evident that most of the workers were exposed to lead continuously for a long time. Studies carried out in India 16 and in Bangladesh 17 have also depicted similar picture of the working conditions and the level of education favoring our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Occupational Lead Toxicity in Battery Workers of Karachi

Basit¹,

Karim

Munshi

2015

Pak J Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:To estimate blood lead level (BLL) and to assess the features of lead toxicity among lead acid battery (LAB) industrial workers.Methods:This prospective study was carried out in the medical centre of PCSIR Laboratories, Karachi from March 2012 – March 2013. Fifty LAB industry workers, males and females between 17-65 years were included in the study. They were divided into group 1 with 40 workers- directly related and group 2 with 10 workers –indirectly related, (administration staff members) to LAB manufacture. Detailed history, complete physical examination and BLL estimation by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer was done.Results:Total 34 patients in group 1 and 3 patients in group 2 had elevated BLL. Comparison of group 1 and 2 revealed anemia (40v/s4), bone pain (38v/s7), abdominal pain (38 v/s 2), nausea (32v/s6), head ache & irritability (24v/s6), weakness & lethargy (21v/s6), tremors (13v/s0) insomnia (5v/s4), lead line (4v/s 0) and blood pressure above 140/90 mm of Hg (12v/s0) respectively.Conclusion:High blood lead level and features attributable to lead toxicity were prevalent among LAB industry workers of Karachi.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Occupational Lead Toxicity in Battery Workers of Karachi

Basit¹,

Karim

Munshi

2015

Pak J Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that exposure category had a strong explanatory capacity and was identified as strong predictor ( R 2 = 24.4%) for blood lead concentration. The similar type of findings was obtained from an Indian study on lead, where it was mentioned that mean blood lead level was significantly more in the high exposed section compared to low exposed section of the lead factory [27]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The workers of these sections were at high risk of lead exposure because of the possibility of coming in direct contact with lead during handling of recovered lead, making and trimming new lead plates, pasting lead oxides, and finishing of new lead battery. Inhalation of lead might also occur by air borne lead particulate matter and by fumes during melting to recover lead [24–27]. Further, lead exposure may occur through ingestion of contaminated food and drink and, in this study, as the workers took their food and drink in the premises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Blood Lead Levels and Health Problems of Lead Acid Battery Workers in Bangladesh

Shojaei

Khan

Khandker

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. Use of lead acid battery (LAB) in Bangladesh has risen with sharp rise of motor vehicles. As result, manufacture of LAB is increasing. Most of the lead used by these industries comes from recycling of LAB. Workers in LAB industry are at risk of exposure lead and thus development of lead toxicity. Objective. The objective of this study was to measure the blood lead concentration and to assess the magnitude of health problems attributable to lead toxicity among the LAB manufacturing workers. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the workers of LAB manufacturing industries located in Dhaka city. Result. Mean blood lead level (BLL) among the workers was found to be high. They were found to be suffering from a number of illnesses attributable to lead toxicity. The common illnesses were frequent headache, numbness of the limbs, colic pain, nausea, tremor, and lead line on the gum. High BLL was also found to be related to hypertension and anemia of the workers. Conclusion. High BLL and illnesses attributable to lead toxicity were prevalent amongst workers of the LAB manufacturing industries, and this requires attention especially in terms of occupational hygiene and safety.

show abstract

“…They can therefore be considered suitable for preclinical prevention measures (second level prevention). Occupational lead exposure occurs chiefly through breathing in lead particles; there are significant correlations between worksite airborne lead exposure and blood and urinary lead in workers [ 26 , 27 ]. Limiting occupational exposure to airborne lead is more important than second level prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Response Relationship between Cumulative Occupational Lead Exposure and the Associated Health Damages: A 20-Year Cohort Study of a Smelter in China

Huang

et al. 2016

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long-term airborne lead exposure, even below official occupational limits, has been found to cause lead poisoning at higher frequencies than expected, which suggests that China’s existing occupational exposure limits should be reexamined. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1832 smelting workers from 1988 to 2008 in China. These were individuals who entered the plant and came into continuous contact with lead at work for longer than 3 months. The dose-response relationship between occupational cumulative lead exposure and lead poisoning, abnormal blood lead, urinary lead and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) were analyzed and the benchmark dose lower bound confidence limits (BMDLs) were calculated. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between cumulative lead dust and lead fumes exposures and workplace seniority, blood lead, urinary lead and ZPP values. A dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative lead dust or lead fumes exposure and lead poisoning (p < 0.01). The BMDLs of the cumulative occupational lead dust and fumes doses were 0.68 mg-year/m3 and 0.30 mg-year/m3 for lead poisoning, respectively. The BMDLs of workplace airborne lead concentrations associated with lead poisoning were 0.02 mg/m3 and 0.01 mg/m3 for occupational exposure lead dust and lead fume, respectively. In conclusion, BMDLs for airborne lead were lower than occupational exposure limits, suggesting that the occupational lead exposure limits need re-examination and adjustment. Occupational cumulative exposure limits (OCELs) should be established to better prevent occupational lead poisoning.

show abstract

Environmental and Biological Monitoring in a Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Unit in India

Abstract: Environmental and Biological Monitoring in a Lead

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Occupational Lead Toxicity in Battery Workers of Karachi

Occupational Lead Toxicity in Battery Workers of Karachi

Blood Lead Levels and Health Problems of Lead Acid Battery Workers in Bangladesh

Dose-Response Relationship between Cumulative Occupational Lead Exposure and the Associated Health Damages: A 20-Year Cohort Study of a Smelter in China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About