Environmental and demographic risk factors for poor welfare in working horses, donkeys and mules in developing countries

Burn, Charlotte C.; Dennison, Tania; Whay, HR

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.09.016

Cited by 96 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

146

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thinner animals were more likely to have severe and large body lesions, abnormal gait, ectoparasites (Burn et al, 2010a), chronic diseases, or cancer (Kronfeld, 1993) and to appear depressed or to be elderly (Denison et al, 2007). Moreover, thinner animals are often performing the most strenuous work (Pritchard et al, 2008), for example, carrying bricks or goods by pack or cart (Burn et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Bcs Of Brick Kilns Donkeys and Mulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The loss of body weight and condition is a general clinical sign of nutritional deficiencies (Mekuria et al, 2013) and/or parasitism coupled with heavy work burden (Burn et al, 2010b). This often reflects the poverty of owners who cannot afford to provide appropriate food to their equids and may be compelled to force them to pull heavy loads for long working hours.…”

Section: Bcs Of Brick Kilns Donkeys and Mulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Are mules or donkeys better adapted for Egyptian brick kiln work? (Until we can change the kilns)

Ali

Matoock

Hafez

et al. 2015

Journal of Veterinary Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Bcs Of Brick Kilns Donkeys and Mulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bcs Of Brick Kilns Donkeys and Mulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are mules or donkeys better adapted for Egyptian brick kiln work? (Until we can change the kilns)

Ali

Matoock

Hafez

et al. 2015

Journal of Veterinary Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In Europe, RSV is predominantly a disease of winter with peaks of illness in December and January in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands with a later peak of March in Mediterranean countries such as Greece (16,17); biennial cycles of RSV activity have been described in northern Europe (15). The association of an increase in RSV cases with declining temperatures has been attributed to increased indoor crowding leading to enhanced viral transmission, to lower temperatures increasing viral stability and to chilling increasing host susceptibility or activation of dormant virus (18).…”

Section: Seasonalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental factors include exposure to tobacco smoke, air pollution and indoor crowding (day care attendance, nursing home or hospital stay); the presence of an older sibling is an independent risk factor for the development of RSV disease in infancy (16). There have been many studies that have documented the link between tobacco smoke and RSV infection.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory syncytial virus

Jha

Jarvis

Fraser

et al. 2016

SARS, MERS and Other Viral Lung Infections

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has an estimated global incidence of 33 million cases in children younger than 5 years, with 10% requiring hospital admission and up to 199,000 dying of the disease. There is growing evidence that severe infantile RSV bronchiolitis, a condition characterised by an inflammatory reaction to the virus, is associated with later childhood wheeze in some vulnerable children; however, a direct causal relationship with asthma has not yet been established. It is also increasingly recognised as a cause of morbidity and mortality in those with underlying airway disease, immunocompromise and frail elderly persons. Novel molecular based diagnostic tools are becoming established but treatment largely remains supportive, with palivizumab being the only licensed agent currently available for passive prophylaxis of selected pre-term infants. Whilst effective treatments remain elusive, there is optimism about the testing of novel antiviral drugs and the development of vaccines that may induce long-lasting immunity without the risk of disease augmentation.

show abstract

“…Various welfare issues have been reported in working donkeys elsewhere in Africa. Long working hours, harsh environmental conditions, over-use, improper equipment, limited veterinary attention and little or poor quality supplementary feed during dry periods can lead to welfare problems [12][13][14][15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Welfare Status of Working Donkeys

Gebresenbet¹,

Aradom²,

Kaumbutho³

2016

JAST-A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In Africa, donkeys have significant contribution in traction operation, but there is little research related to workload and their welfare. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of various loads on donkeys' physiological and behavioural responses to evaluate welfare. Donkeys weighing of 132-172 kg (159 ± 11 kg) and totally 20 were used for the experiment. The experimental design included two wheeled cart × seven load class (an increment of 100 kg) with five repetitions each, and the travelled distance was 2 km. Travelled time, behavioural occurrences and physiological responses were recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS (version 9.4) software programme. When loads were 500-700 kg, heavy and rapid panting and falling down occurred frequently. When loads increased successively and reached 500, 600 and 700 kg, speed started declining from 3.68 km/h to 3.5, 2.94 and 2.54 km/h, respectively, indicating that speed and applied loads are inversely correlated (P < 0.001). Heart rate was 129 ± 11 bpm at 700 kg, and in respect to resting state, donkeys' heart rate elevated by a factor of up to 3. As the load exceeded 400 kg, the speed declined significantly, and behavioural occurrences like heavy panting and falling down confirmed this. This leads to the conclusion that donkeys could pull about 2.7 times of their live weight. But if they have continuous and long working hours (about 6 h), it is recommended to keep load of two wheeled cart about double of donkeys live weight so as to safe guard donkeys' welfare.

show abstract

Environmental and demographic risk factors for poor welfare in working horses, donkeys and mules in developing countries

Cited by 96 publications

References 15 publications

Are mules or donkeys better adapted for Egyptian brick kiln work? (Until we can change the kilns)

Are mules or donkeys better adapted for Egyptian brick kiln work? (Until we can change the kilns)

Respiratory syncytial virus

Performance and Welfare Status of Working Donkeys

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About