Environmental and developmental factors influencing aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus

Klich, M. A.

doi:10.1007/s10267-006-0336-2

Cited by 149 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…The presence of both Aspergillus species in the same grain is very common (Figure 2). Previous studies had shown that A. niger frequently co-occurred with A. flavus in the field (Klich, 2007). Hill et al (1983) had noticed that when the ratio of grain colonised by A. flavus compared with A. niger was >19:1, there aflatoxin contamination occurred, but there was no contamination with this mycotoxin if the ratio was <9:1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia

Lević

Gošić-Dondo

Ivanović

et al. 2013

Pesticidi i fitomedicina

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SUMMARYThe frequency and incidence of A. flavus and A. niger on barley, maize, soybean, sunflower and wheat grain, the abundance of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moths and their interaction depending on weather conditions in the 2008-2012 period were studied. Under the agroecological conditions of Serbia, the species A. niger is more frequent than A. flavus, and concerning the crop species, its frequency is highest in kernels of sunflower, than soybean, maize, barley and wheat. A. flavus was extremely dominant on all plant species in 2012 regarding its frequency: 100% on soybean, 95.3% on maize, 65.2% on barley, 57.1% on sunflower and 45.8% on wheat. Furthermore, the incidence of A. flavus was higher in 2012 than in previous years. The uncommonly high frequency and incidence of A. flavus infestation of maize grain in 2012 were caused by extremely stressful agrometeorological conditions, high temperatures and drought over the period from flowering to waxy maturity of maize. The precipitation factor (Pf = precipitation sum / average monthly temperature) showed that 2012 was extremely arid in June (Pf = 0.57), July (Pf = 1.45), August (Pf = 0.15) and September (Pf = 1.42). European corn borer (ECB) was a second factor causing intensive occurrence of A. flavus on maize grain in 2012. The maximum flight of ECB moths was recorded as early as in July (5,149) and, as a result of this, high damage and numerous injuries were detected at harvest. Those injuries were covered by visible olive-green powdery colonies typical of A. flavus. In the chronology of A. flavus occurrence, these are the first data on its very high frequency and incidence under the agroecological conditions of Serbia. As intensive infections with A. flavus were rare in the past 50 years, the level of aflatoxins in maize grain was low.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia

Lević

Gošić-Dondo

Ivanović

et al. 2013

Pesticidi i fitomedicina

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“…Aspergillus is a large genus composed of more than 180 accepted anamorphic species (Pitt et al, 2000), with teleomorphs described in nine different genera (Pitt et al, 2000). The genus is subdivided in 7 subgenera, which in turn are further divided into sections (Klich, 2007).…”

Section: Groundnut Contaminated With the Moldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Credentials of Afla-Toxigenic and Non-Toxigenic Aspergillus Using Polyphasic Taxonomy

Gajera¹,

Hirpara²,

Kachhadia³

et al. 2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…Uma das micotoxinas de maior significado em saúde pública e na agricultura são as aflatoxinas, produzidas com maior frequência pelas espécies Aspergillus flavus e A. parasiticus. Estas toxinas são extremamente carcinogênicas e teratogênicas (Klich, 2007).…”

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Utilização de filme de quitosana para o controle de aflatoxinas em amendoim

et al. 2015

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ResumoNeste estudo, verificou-se a utilização de um filme de quitosana para o controle do crescimento e produção de aflatoxinas por A. parasiticus em amendoim. Os filmes foram aplicados sobre os grãos por meio de duas metodologias (aspersão e imersão). Os grãos recobertos foram inoculados com 2,5 ml de uma suspensão contendo 1,0×106 esporos/ml e incubados a 25 o C por 7 dias. A concentração de aflatoxinas foi determinada por cromatografia em camada delgada, utilizando a técnica de densitometria. A verificação da inibição do crescimento fúngico foi realizada por meio da inoculação do patógeno em placas de Petri contendo GYEP suplementado com quitosana a 2% e incubadas por 7 dias a 25 ºC. Após incubação, o diâmetro da colônia do patógeno foi estimado e comparado com o controle. Todos os testes foram realizados com cinco repetições. Para a verificação de alterações morfológicas, uma suspensão de esporos ou hifas incubados na presença de quitosana foi submetida à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foi observado que tanto o método de imersão quanto o de aspersão reduziram a produção de aflatoxina significativamente, 84,3% e 86,7% respectivamente. A presença de quitosana no meio de cultura reduziu o diâmetro das colônias e promoveu modificações morfológicas nos esporos de A. parasiticus. Com esse procedimento foi verificado que a utilização de quitosana a 2% na forma de filme, principalmente por aspersão, pode reduzir a concentração de esporos e aflatoxinas de A. parasiticus em amendoim, o que confere a essa substância uma grande perspectiva de utilização no controle de fungos aflatoxigênicos.Palavras-chave: Arachis hypogaea, Aspergillus parasiticus, micotoxinas, pós-colheita, substância GRAS. Use of chitosan film to control aflatoxins in peanuts AbstractIn this study, we evaluate the utilization on chitosan film to control the growth and aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus in peanut. The films were inoculated over the grains by aspersion or immersion methods. The chitosan coated grains were inoculated with 2.5 ml solution with 1.0×10 6 spores/ml and incubated at 25 °C for 7 days. The aflatoxin concentration was estimated by thin layer chromatography and densitometry. The fungus growth inhibition was observed by pathogen inoculation in Petri dishes with GYEP media plus 2% chitosan and incubated by 7 days at 25 °C. After incubation the colony diameter was measured and compared with the control. All assays were repeated five times. To verify morphological alterations, a spore/hypha suspension was incubated in media with chitosan and observed in scanning electron microscopy.Both methods (immersion and aspersion) were able to reduce the aflatoxin production significantly, 84.3% and 86.7%, respectively. The chitosan reduced the colonies diameters and promoted morphological alterations in A. parasiticus spores. With this, was observed that a 2% chitosan film, specially inoculated by aspersion, can to reduce A. parasiticus spores and aflatoxins concentrations in peanuts. This characteristic gives to this substance an ex...

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Environmental and developmental factors influencing aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus

Cited by 149 publications

References 127 publications

An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia

An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia

Morphological Credentials of Afla-Toxigenic and Non-Toxigenic Aspergillus Using Polyphasic Taxonomy

Utilização de filme de quitosana para o controle de aflatoxinas em amendoim

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