Environmental and dietary endocrine disruptors and women's health

Abstract

Endocrine disruptors are substances which can potentially modify the normal hormonal functions of the body, and include both naturally occurring compounds (such as plant phytoestogens) and anthropogenically derived environmental contaminants. This article reviews the evidence for possible links between exposure to anthropogenic chemicals and a number of common conditions in women, including breast cancer, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, endometrial disease, autoimmunity and menopausal symptoms. The question whether phytoestrogens might exert some beneficial effects during the postmenopausal period is also addressed. In addition, the possible consequences of early life exposure to potential endocrine disruptors or phytoestrogens are discussed.

Hormone replacement therapy in an anti-ageing strategy for men

“…This is particularly important since current environmental contamination with man-made hormones (eg, ethinyloestradiol) and hormone disrupting agents, such as xeno-oestrogens and anti-androgens, has been held responsible for the increased prevalence of female breast cancer and male infertility. 42 None of the androgens that are currently marketed meet all the requirements cited above. Intramuscular injections of testosterone esters (testosterone oenanthate) cause excessively high testosterone concentrations during the first 4 to 5 days after the injection.…”