Environmental and economic aspects of hydrogen production and utilization in fuel cell vehicles

Granovskii, Mikhail; Dinçer, İbrahim; Rosen, Marc A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.07.044

Cited by 125 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Select the first t principal component to make the cumulative contribution rate greater than 85%, then it can be recognized as significant, meaning that the original n characteristics can be expressed by the new t principal components. Then, the first t principal component can be determined by (8). Consider P 1 P 2 .…”

Section: Theory Of Principle Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also a variety of types of hydrogen storage technology including cryo-compressed hydrogen, high-pressure cod gas storage, and metal-organic hydrides. The use of hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles can lead to economically benign transportation, but some emissions are associated with the different technologies for hydrogen production [8]. Also the effects of different technologies for hydrogen production on environment are different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Assessment of Hydrogen Energy Systems for Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

Ren

Tan

Dong

2012

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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Hydrogen energy which has been recognized as an alternative instead of fossil fuel has been developed rapidly in fuel cell vehicles. Different hydrogen energy systems have different performances on environmental, economic, and energy aspects. A methodology for the quantitative evaluation and analysis of the hydrogen systems is meaningful for decision makers to select the best scenario. principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to evaluate the integrated performance of different hydrogen energy systems and select the best scenario, and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) has been used to verify the correctness and accuracy of the principal components (PCs) determined by PCA in this paper. A case including 11 different hydrogen energy systems for fuel cell vehicles has been studied in this paper, and the system using steam reforming of natural gas for hydrogen production, pipeline for transportation of hydrogen, hydrogen gas tank for the storage of hydrogen at refueling stations, and gaseous hydrogen as power energy for fuel cell vehicles has been recognized as the best scenario. Also, the clustering results calculated by CA are consistent with those determined by PCA, denoting that the results calculated by PCA are scientific and accurate.

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Section: Theory Of Principle Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assessment of Hydrogen Energy Systems for Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

Ren

Tan

Dong

2012

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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“…Reaction (1) in the methanator (device 1; Fig. 1) proceeds at a deficiency and reaction (2) in the reformers (devices 2 and 4; Fig. 1) at a significant excess of steam.…”

Section: Integration Of a Chemical Heat Pump Into Scw-candu Power Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significant quantities of expensive construction materials in renewable power plants lead to higher electricity costs than for natural gas or coal power plants. Life cycle assessments of renewable technologies for producing electricity and hydrogen and reasons for the higher costs associated with renewable-based electricity and hydrogen have been considered (1) (2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Use a Chemical Heat Pump to Link a Supercritical Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactor and a Thermochemical Water-Splitting Cycle for Hydrogen Production

Granovskii

Dinçer

Rosen

et al. 2008

JPES

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Increases in the power generation efficiency of nuclear power plants (NPPs) are mainly limited by the permissible temperatures in nuclear reactors and the corresponding temperatures and pressures of the coolants in reactors. Coolant parameters are limited by the corrosion rates of materials and nuclear-reactor safety constraints. The advanced construction materials for the next generation of CANDU reactors, which employ supercritical water (SCW) as a coolant and heat carrier, permit improved "steam" parameters (outlet temperatures up to 625ºC and pressures of about 25 MPa). An increase in the temperature of steam allows it to be utilized in thermochemical water splitting cycles to produce hydrogen. These methods are considered by many to be among the most efficient ways to produce hydrogen from water and to have advantages over traditional low-temperature water electrolysis. However, even lower temperature water splitting cycles (Cu-Cl, UT-3, etc.) require an intensive heat supply at temperatures higher than 550-600°C. A sufficient increase in the heat transfer from the nuclear reactor to a thermochemical water splitting cycle, without jeopardizing nuclear reactor safety, might be effectively achieved by application of a heat pump, which increases the temperature of the heat supplied by virtue of a cyclic process driven by mechanical or electrical work. Here, a high-temperature chemical heat pump, which employs the reversible catalytic methane conversion reaction, is proposed. The reaction shift from exothermic to endothermic and back is achieved by a change of the steam concentration in the reaction mixture. This heat pump, coupled with the second steam cycle of a SCW nuclear power generation plant on one side and a thermochemical water splitting cycle on the other, increases the temperature of the "nuclear" heat and, consequently, the intensity of heat transfer into the water splitting cycle. A comparative preliminary thermodynamic analysis is conducted of the combined system comprising a SCW nuclear power generation plant and a chemical heat pump, which provides high-temperature heat to a thermochemical water splitting cycle for hydrogen production. It is concluded that the proposed chemical heat pump permits the utilization efficiency of nuclear energy to be improved by at least 2% without jeopardizing nuclear reactor safety. Based on this analysis, further research appears to be merited on the proposed advanced design of a nuclear power generation plant combined with a chemical heat pump, and implementation in appropriate applications seems worthwhile.

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“…The SCs are sized for the peak load requirements and are used for short duration load levelling events such as fuel starting, acceleration and braking (Rufer et al, 2004) (Thounthong et al, 2007). These short durations, events are experienced thousands of times throughout the life of the hybrid source, require relatively little energy but substantial power (Granovskii et al,2006) (Benziger et al, 2006). Three operating modes are defined in order to manage energy exchanges between the different power sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passivity-Based Control and Sliding Mode Control applied to Electric Vehicles based on Fuel Cells, Supercapacitors and Batteries on the DC Link

Becherif¹,

Ayad²,

Henni³

et al. 2010

Energy Management

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Environmental and economic aspects of hydrogen production and utilization in fuel cell vehicles

Cited by 125 publications

References 8 publications

The Assessment of Hydrogen Energy Systems for Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

The Assessment of Hydrogen Energy Systems for Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Use a Chemical Heat Pump to Link a Supercritical Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactor and a Thermochemical Water-Splitting Cycle for Hydrogen Production

Passivity-Based Control and Sliding Mode Control applied to Electric Vehicles based on Fuel Cells, Supercapacitors and Batteries on the DC Link

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