Environmental and Economic Assessment of Fee-Fishing in São Paulo State, Brazil

Abstract

According to feed producers, aquaculture in Brazil generates an annual income of about US $200 million and is growing at an annual rate of 15%. More than 300,000 people are involved, including fish and shrimp farmers, feed companies, technicians and equipment manufacturers. The growth of the aquaculture industry has given rise to concerns about such environmental issues as water pollution and the conversion of land to ponds. "Fee-fishing" is the maintenance of ponds so that people can fish from them, primarily by line, usually for an entrance fee and for a fee paid per kilogram of fish caught. Attendant activities on the farm site, such as restaurants and ecorural tourism, also generate considerable revenues. Fee-fishing started on marginal areas unsuitable for agriculture or other activities, but it has recently expanded rapidly to occupy former farmland and areas of land close to the large urban centers. Fee-fishing either supplements the income or is the main source of income for many people. It generates $60 million (U.S.) per year at the

Starch and lipid in diets for douradoSalminus brasiliensis(Cuvier 1816): growth, nutrient utilization and digestive enzymes

“…The dourado ( Salminus brasiliensis Cuvier 1816), a carnivore Characin conspicuous to non‐Amazonic, South American river basins, is one of the main neotropical, scaled, freshwater fish highly regarded for sport fishing and fish farming alike (Morais‐Filho & Schubart ; Scorvo‐Filho & Ayrosa ; Carvalho‐Filho ; Venturieri ; Kitamura et al . ; Weingartner & Zaniboni Filho ). Nonetheless, detailed studies on the commercial use of dourado for farming purposes, especially regarding the species' nutritional requirements, are still scarce.…”

Proteocephalid cestode infection in alien fish, Cichla piquiti Kullander and Ferreira, 2006 (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae), from Volta Grande reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…A strong reason for its study is supported by their being preferred in sport fishing (Kitamura et al, 2002). However the consequence of the introduction of this host on the parasites populations or communities structure is not known, and commonly it is pointed as responsible by great damages, especially to the native populations, with which it starts to live together (Gomiero and Braga, 2004b) Moderate infection rates by Proteocephalidea have been registered in fish from several parts of the world, as in Bohemian (Scholz, 1987), Mexico (García-Prieto et al, 1996;Moravec et al, 2002), Nicaragua (AguirreMacedo et al, 2001) and Galícia Coast (Outeiral et al, 2002).…”

Haematological and gill responses in parasitized tilapia from valley of Tijucas River, SC, Brazil

“…Its direct relation with job generation and wide economic relation with other activities has generate income of U$ 200 million, and more than 300,000 workers directly involved (Kitamura et al, 2002). As a result of the development of Aquaculture in the last 10 years, infectious and parasitic diseases outbreaks have occurred .…”