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Ubiquitous electronic gadgets in lives have led to an increase in electronic waste (e‐waste), posing a threat to the environment and ecology that must be addressed. This work demonstrates the use of gelatin, a natural protein, for development of flexible biodegradable substrates and synaptic transistors using the same material as gate dielectric. The fabricated p‐channel transistors exhibit high electrical stability and exceptional synaptic characteristics through spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP), spike voltage dependent plasticity (SVDP), and spike number dependent plasticity (SNDP), respectively upon variation of post‐synaptic current (PSC) with time, amplitude, and number of stimuli. These devices exhibit pulse paired facilitation (PPF) with relaxation time constants in the range of ≈10 ms and regulating modulation amplitude of 1 greatly resembling a biological synapse. Study on the variability among distinct devices and over multiple cycles demonstrate outstanding repeatability of synaptic plasticity. The devices showcase significant PSC values with almost linear SNDP, while consuming an ultralow power of ≈11.7 fJ. Excellent stability is observed when subjected to multiple bending sequences. Complete dissolution of these devices in aqueous environments in an hour without any alteration to temperature or pH confirms excellent biodegradability of these devices leading toward transient neuromorphic circuits and systems that adhere to the concepts of circular economy.
Ubiquitous electronic gadgets in lives have led to an increase in electronic waste (e‐waste), posing a threat to the environment and ecology that must be addressed. This work demonstrates the use of gelatin, a natural protein, for development of flexible biodegradable substrates and synaptic transistors using the same material as gate dielectric. The fabricated p‐channel transistors exhibit high electrical stability and exceptional synaptic characteristics through spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP), spike voltage dependent plasticity (SVDP), and spike number dependent plasticity (SNDP), respectively upon variation of post‐synaptic current (PSC) with time, amplitude, and number of stimuli. These devices exhibit pulse paired facilitation (PPF) with relaxation time constants in the range of ≈10 ms and regulating modulation amplitude of 1 greatly resembling a biological synapse. Study on the variability among distinct devices and over multiple cycles demonstrate outstanding repeatability of synaptic plasticity. The devices showcase significant PSC values with almost linear SNDP, while consuming an ultralow power of ≈11.7 fJ. Excellent stability is observed when subjected to multiple bending sequences. Complete dissolution of these devices in aqueous environments in an hour without any alteration to temperature or pH confirms excellent biodegradability of these devices leading toward transient neuromorphic circuits and systems that adhere to the concepts of circular economy.
The widespread adoption of electronic devices has led to a dramatic increase in electronic waste (e‐waste), posing significant environmental, human health, economic, and data security concerns while also exacerbating landfill waste. Effective e‐waste management strategies are crucial for maintaining a sustainable planet. This article explores the upcycling of e‐waste using triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology for electricity generation. Specifically, with straightforward procedures, the organic photoconductor (OPC) drum from printer cartridge waste is modified and incorporated as the positive triboelectric layer in the present TENG design. The fabricated OPC‐TENG, featuring the OPC drum sheet and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) pair, exhibits promising performance metrics: an open‐circuit voltage of ≈492 V, a short‐circuit current of 138 μA, and a power density of 4.6 W m−2. Moreover, its capability to continuously operate digital watch and calculator with an integrated energy management circuit is demonstrated. The simplicity of the fabrication process, coupled with the significant energy output of the device, underscores its potential for self‐powered applications. These findings highlight a pathway towards harnessing e‐waste for sustainable energy production and revolutionizing e‐waste management, contributing to a greener and more energy‐efficient future.
Biopolymers, derived from renewable resources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, are emerging as sustainable alternatives to traditional petroleum‐based polymers. The review examines the key characteristics of biopolymers, including their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and potential for carbon neutrality. These characteristics are crucial for determining their suitability for different packaging applications and their potential to reduce environmental pollution. While acknowledging the promise of biopolymers, the review also addresses challenges such as production costs, scalability issues, and performance limitations. Strategies to enhance biopolymer performance, including plasticization, blending, and nanomaterial reinforcement, are discussed. Interestingly, the review highlights the emerging field of active and intelligent packaging systems, which incorporate antimicrobial agents and sensors to extend shelf life and monitor food quality in real‐time. The review emphasizes the importance of life cycle assessments in evaluating the overall environmental impact of biopolymer‐based packaging compared to conventional alternatives. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the current state of biopolymer research and identifies areas for future investigation. By synthesizing current knowledge, identifying challenges, and highlighting opportunities, this review contributes to ongoing efforts to create a more sustainable and circular packaging industry.
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