Environmental and Growth Phase Regulation of the
            <i>Streptococcus gordonii</i>
            Arginine Deiminase Genes

Liu, Yaling; Dong, Yiqian; Chen, Yi-Ywan M.; Burne, Robert A.

doi:10.1128/aem.00556-08

Cited by 64 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In contrast, low pH values induced gene expression of the arc operon of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ML3, Lactobacillus hilgardii X1B, Lactobacillus brevis IOEB 9809, and Streptococcus gordonii DL1 (1,7,18), suggesting a protective mechanism against acid stress due to ammonia production through the ADI pathway. For L. sakei, improved survival in the stationary growth phase was probably not due to a protective effect against acid conditions (5) but rather was due to the generation of extra ATP (9,11,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the Arginine Deiminase Pathway Genes in Lactobacillus sakei Is Strain Dependent and Is Affected by the Environmental pH

Rimaux

Rivière

Illeghems

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTThe adaptation ofLactobacillus sakeito a meat environment is reflected in its metabolic potential. For instance, the ability to utilize arginine through the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway, resulting in additional ATP, represents a competitive benefit. InL. sakeiCTC 494, thearcoperon (arcABCTDR) shows the same gene order and organization as that inL. sakei23K, the genome sequence of which is known. However, differences in relative gene expression were found, and these seemed to be optimal in different growth phases, namely, the highest relative gene expression level was in the end exponential growth phase in the case ofL. sakeiCTC 494 and in the mid-exponential growth phase ofL. sakei23K. Also, the environmental pH influenced the relative expression level of thearcoperon, as shown forL. sakeiCTC 494, with the highest relative expression level occurring at the optimal pH for growth (pH 6.0). Deviations from this optimal pH (pH 5.0 and pH 7.0) resulted in an overall decline of the relative expression level of all genes of thearcoperon. Furthermore, a differential relative expression of the individual genes of thearcoperon was found, with the highest relative gene expression occurring for the first two genes of thearcoperon (arcAandarcB). Finally, it was shown that someL. sakeistrains were able to convert agmatine into putrescine, suggesting an operational agmatine deiminase pathway in these strains, a metabolic trait that is undesirable in meat fermentations. This study shows that this metabolic trait is most probably encoded by a previously erroneously annotated second putativearcoperon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the Arginine Deiminase Pathway Genes in Lactobacillus sakei Is Strain Dependent and Is Affected by the Environmental pH

Rimaux

Rivière

Illeghems

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…As shown for several LAB species isolated from sourdough, cheese, meat, and wine, this pathway is induced by arginine and/or environmental stresses, such as acidity and starvation (203). Nutrient sources (e.g., carbohydrates), growth rate, pH, and arginine all affect the ADI pathway of S. gordonii (204). The ADI pathway of Streptococcus rattus is subject to substrate induction and catabolite repression (205).…”

Section: Metabolism Of Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Physiology of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Papadimitriou

Alegría

Bron

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

541

404

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SUMMARYLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important starter, commensal, or pathogenic microorganisms. The stress physiology of LAB has been studied in depth for over 2 decades, fueled mostly by the technological implications of LAB robustness in the food industry. Survival of probiotic LAB in the host and the potential relatedness of LAB virulence to their stress resilience have intensified interest in the field. Thus, a wealth of information concerning stress responses exists today for strains as diverse as starter (e.g.,Lactococcus lactis), probiotic (e.g., severalLactobacillusspp.), and pathogenic (e.g.,EnterococcusandStreptococcusspp.) LAB. Here we present the state of the art for LAB stress behavior. We describe the multitude of stresses that LAB are confronted with, and we present the experimental context used to study the stress responses of LAB, focusing on adaptation, habituation, and cross-protection as well as on self-induced multistress resistance in stationary phase, biofilms, and dormancy. We also consider stress responses at the population and single-cell levels. Subsequently, we concentrate on the stress defense mechanisms that have been reported to date, grouping them according to their direct participation in preserving cell energy, defending macromolecules, and protecting the cell envelope. Stress-induced responses of probiotic LAB and commensal/pathogenic LAB are highlighted separately due to the complexity of the peculiar multistress conditions to which these bacteria are subjected in their hosts. Induction of prophages under environmental stresses is then discussed. Finally, we present systems-based strategies to characterize the “stressome” of LAB and to engineer new food-related and probiotic LAB with improved stress tolerance.

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“…species of Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus; this system allows the bacteria to survive a decrease in pH (65).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence and Immunoproteomic Analyses of the Bacterial Fish Pathogen Streptococcus parauberis

et al. 2011

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Although Streptococcus parauberis is known as a bacterial pathogen associated with bovine udder mastitis, it has recently become one of the major causative agents of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) streptococcosis in northeast Asia, causing massive mortality resulting in severe economic losses. S. parauberis contains two serotypes, and it is likely that capsular polysaccharide antigens serve to differentiate the serotypes. In the present study, the complete genome sequence of S. parauberis (serotype I) was determined using the GS-FLX system to investigate its phylogeny, virulence factors, and antigenic proteins. S. parauberis possesses a single chromosome of 2,143,887 bp containing 1,868 predicted coding sequences (CDSs), with an average GC content of 35.6%. Whole-genome dot plot analysis and phylogenetic analysis of a 60-kDa chaperonin-encoding gene and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-encoding gene showed that the strain was evolutionarily closely related to Streptococcus uberis. S. parauberis antigenic proteins were analyzed using an immunoproteomic technique. Twenty-one antigenic protein spots were identified in S. parauberis, by reaction with an antiserum obtained from S. parauberis-challenged olive flounder. This work provides the foundation needed to understand more clearly the relationship between pathogen and host and develops new approaches toward prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to deal with streptococcosis in fish. The work also provides a better understanding of the physiology and evolution of a significant representative of the Streptococcaceae.

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Environmental and Growth Phase Regulation of the Streptococcus gordonii Arginine Deiminase Genes

Cited by 64 publications

References 46 publications

Expression of the Arginine Deiminase Pathway Genes in Lactobacillus sakei Is Strain Dependent and Is Affected by the Environmental pH

Expression of the Arginine Deiminase Pathway Genes in Lactobacillus sakei Is Strain Dependent and Is Affected by the Environmental pH

Stress Physiology of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Complete Genome Sequence and Immunoproteomic Analyses of the Bacterial Fish Pathogen Streptococcus parauberis

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