Environmental and Health Impact of Cement Factory Production in Ibese, Ogun state, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of cement dust emitted from Dangote cement factory, Ibese, Ogun State, Nigeria on the environment and human health. Soil and plant samples were col-lected from six sampling points at different distances i.e. inside the factory kiln (IFK), the factory 300m), based on the prevailing wind direction. Control samples were taken opposite the wind direction at ILA(Ilaro) about 1,000 m. Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni and Cd were analyzed in the samples using atomic ab-sorption spectrophotometer. Air quality and noise levels were monitored using standard me-thods. Sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), total suspended particulate matter and noiseconcentrations ranged from 7-25ppm, 0.1-0.2ppm, 101-13,056ugm-3and 72.1-98.2dBrespec-tively,which were higher than USEPA standard. Heavy metals in soils were in the order of: MAR>IFK>AOK>IBE>ILA>TFG for Cu, AOK>MAR>IFK>TFG>ILA>IBE for Zn, IBE>IFK>MAR>AOK>TFG>ILA for Cd, IBE>AOK>MAR>TFG>IFK>ILA for Mn, IBE>AOK> TFG>MAR>ILA>IFK>IBE for Pband MAR>TFG>AOK>IBE>ILA>IFK for Ni. Health-related characteristics of the respondents also showed that 2.5% had allergies that hindered breathing, while 3.75% had difficulty in smelling. Health risk assessment showed that in-gestion is the major pathway of exposure to heavy metals in soil samples for both children andadults. Cd, Mn, Ni and Pb pose non-cancer risks to children, while only Cd and Mn pose non-cancer risks to adults. Ni and Pb pose the greatest cancer risk to children. In cassava leaves andtubers Pb was the only metal found to pose cancer risk in both children and adults.

Dust Deposition and Associated Heavy Metal Contamination in the Neighborhood of a Cement Production Plant at Konongo, Ghana

“…Although the pollution caused by the cement industry has never been disputed, the extent to which it hurts the environment is unknown. e cement industry's most apparent pollution is dust, which comes primarily from kiln stacks in cement manufacture [2]. Wind, rain, and other dispersal processes disperse the cement dust over broad areas.…”

Heavy Metals in Soils around a Major Cement Factory in Southern Nigeria: Ecological and Human Health Risks

“…It functions as a living organism's habitat as well as a water storage and plant growth medium (Okoro and Chikuni, 2007). In addition to serving as a drain for impurities and poisons mostly from industrial operations, soils also serve as the foundation for building and agricultural production (Olasumbo et al, 2016). Various nations have achieved environmental sustainability with some degree of environmental damage as a result of industrialisation (Adeyanju and Okeke, 2019).…”

“…Pollutants are emitted at all phases of the cement manufacturing process, including the extraction of raw materials, compression, and manufacturing (Laniyan and Adewumi, 2020;Olasumbo et al, 2016). Cement dust alters the constituent makeup of the soil, as well as its physical and chemical characteristics.…”