Environmental and Human Risk Assessment of the Prehistoric and Historic Archaeological Sites of Western Crete (Greece) with the Use of GIS, Remote Sensing, Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks

Alexakis, Dimitrios D.; Sarris, Apostolos

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16873-4_25

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A simple map overlay within the GIS environment was used to generate the risk map. Overlaying the social vulnerability map with the hazard map is a common approach for risk map generation that is used in several studies [8,18,45,46]. Our study considered both social vulnerabilities and the map of natural hazards susceptibility, resulting in a more comprehensive risk assessment of forest fire in the study area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Fire Susceptibility and Risk Mapping Using Social/Infrastructural Vulnerability and Environmental Variables

Ghorbanzadeh

Blaschke

Gholamnia

et al. 2019

Fire

139

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Forests fires in northern Iran have always been common, but the number of forest fires has been growing over the last decade. It is believed, but not proven, that this growth can be attributed to the increasing temperatures and droughts. In general, the vulnerability to forest fire depends on infrastructural and social factors whereby the latter determine where and to what extent people and their properties are affected. In this paper, a forest fire susceptibility index and a social/infrastructural vulnerability index were developed using a machine learning (ML) method and a geographic information system multi-criteria decision making (GIS-MCDM), respectively. First, a forest fire inventory database was created from an extensive field survey and the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal anomalies product for 2012 to 2017. A forest fire susceptibility map was generated using 16 environmental variables and a k-fold cross-validation (CV) approach. The infrastructural vulnerability index was derived with emphasis on different types of construction and land use, such as residential, industrial, and recreation areas. This dataset also incorporated social vulnerability indicators, e.g., population, age, gender, and family information. Then, GIS-MCDM was used to assess risk areas considering the forest fire susceptibility and the social/infrastructural vulnerability maps. As a result, most high fire susceptibility areas exhibit minor social/infrastructural vulnerability. The resulting forest fire risk map reveals that 729.61 ha, which is almost 1.14% of the study areas, is categorized in the high forest fire risk class. The methodology is transferable to other regions by localisation of the input data and the social indicators and contributes to forest fire mitigation and prevention planning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Fire Susceptibility and Risk Mapping Using Social/Infrastructural Vulnerability and Environmental Variables

Ghorbanzadeh

Blaschke

Gholamnia

et al. 2019

Fire

139

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“…That aligns with the semantics of how favorable certain landscape patches have been at specific periods. On the other hand, a binary model creates intentional classes depending on the data range (e.g., 0,1,2..X) and hence the idea and the conception of absolute data at specific locations (Adriaenssens et al, 2004;Alexakis and Sarris, 2010;Nakoinz and Knitter, 2016). But both methods can create uncertainties in predicting archeology (Verhagen, 2007) and predicting archeology does not automatically mean protecting cultural heritage (Reeder-Myers, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling multivariate landscape affordances and functional ecosystem connectivity in landscape archeology

Kempf

2020

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Quantitative, digital statistics, and spatial analysis have proven to be useful tools in landscape archeological research. Herein, GIS-based data storage, manipulation, and visualization of environmental attributes and archeological records are among the most intensely applied methods to evaluate human-landscape interaction, movement patterns, and spatial behavior of past societies. Recent land use management and land cover change, however, have largely altered and modified present-day landscapes, which decreases the potential replicability of modern surface conditions to past ecosystem functionalities and the individual human landscape affordances. This article presents a comprehensive multivariate environmental analysis from a regional case study in the Upper Rhine Valley and exemplifies the bias of the archeological record based on modern land use, built-up, and surface change. Two major conclusions can be drawn: modern surfaces are the result of long-term past human landscape development, and the archeological data inherent in the landscape is strongly biased by modern human activity ranges, urban, agricultural and infrastructural development, and the configuration and perception of recent surface management.

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“…Note that due to the nature of the statistical downscaling technique, no meaningful results for consecutive summer days and maximum 1-day precipitation amounts can be derived Table 5 Classification of the quantitative scale for the heat wave indices shown in Table 4 climatological factors. In order to calculate the landslide hazard map, various factors were considered such as hydrolithology, geomorphometry (slope gradient), and climatic attributes (a complete time series of rainfall data of the 1990-2000 period) (Alexakis and Sarris 2010;Kouli et al 2010). The spatial distribution of the mean rainfall for each month of the year was derived by applying the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method, as collected from various allocated meteorological stations and provided by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service (HNMS).…”

Section: Landslide Hazardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Assessment of Natural Hazards, Including Climate Change’s Influences, for Cultural Heritage Sites: The Case of the Historic Centre of Rethymno in Greece

Ravankhah

Wit

Argyriou

et al. 2019

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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Within the framework of disaster risk management, this article proposes an interdisciplinary method for the analysis of multiple natural hazards, including climate change's influences, in the context of cultural heritage. A taxonomy of natural hazards applicable to cultural heritage was developed based on the existing theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Sudden-onset hazards, such as earthquakes and floods, and slow-onset hazards, such as wetting-drying cycles and biological contamination, were incorporated into the hazard assessment procedure. Future alteration of conditions due to climate change, such as change in heat waves' duration, was also taken into account. The proposed hazard assessment framework was applied to the case of the Historic Centre of Rethymno, a city on the northern coast of the island of Crete in Greece, to identify, analyze, and prioritize the hazards that have the potential to cause damage to the center's historic structures. The assessment procedure includes climate model projections, GIS spatial modeling and mapping, and finally a hazard analysis matrix to enable the sharing of a better understanding of multiple hazards with the stakeholders. The results can facilitate decision making by providing the vulnerability and risk analysis with the nature and spatial distribution of the significant hazards within the study area and its setting. Keywords Climate change analysis Á Crete Á Cultural heritage protection Á Greece Á Hazard assessment Á Historic centre of Rethymno Á Risk assessment

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Environmental and Human Risk Assessment of the Prehistoric and Historic Archaeological Sites of Western Crete (Greece) with the Use of GIS, Remote Sensing, Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Forest Fire Susceptibility and Risk Mapping Using Social/Infrastructural Vulnerability and Environmental Variables

Forest Fire Susceptibility and Risk Mapping Using Social/Infrastructural Vulnerability and Environmental Variables

Modeling multivariate landscape affordances and functional ecosystem connectivity in landscape archeology

Integrated Assessment of Natural Hazards, Including Climate Change’s Influences, for Cultural Heritage Sites: The Case of the Historic Centre of Rethymno in Greece

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