Environmental and maternal factors shaping tonsillar microbiota development in piglets

Fredriksen, Simen; Guan, Xiaonan; Boekhorst, Jos; Molist, F.; Baarlen, Peter van; Wells, Jerry M.

doi:10.1186/s12866-022-02625-8

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Recent microbiome studies have confirmed that commensal S. suis colonize the oral cavity of piglets at high abundance [3–5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical and non-clinical strains are, however, found in all clades, showing that pathogenic lineages can colonize the oral cavity of asymptomatic pigs at low abundance and that commensal lineages can invade the host in certain circumstances. Recent microbiome studies have confirmed that commensal S. suis colonize the oral cavity of piglets at high abundance [3][4][5].…”

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confidence: 95%

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Transcriptomics in serum and culture medium reveal shared and differential gene regulation in pathogenic and commensal Streptococcus suis

et al. 2023

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Streptococcus suis colonizes the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs at high abundance but can also cause opportunistic respiratory and systemic disease. Disease-associated S. suis reference strains are well studied, but less is known about commensal lineages. It is not known what mechanisms enable some S. suis lineages to cause disease while others persist as commensal colonizers, or to what extent gene expression in disease-associated and commensal lineages diverge. In this study we compared the transcriptomes of 21 S . suis strains grown in active porcine serum and Todd–Hewitt yeast broth. These strains included both commensal and pathogenic strains, including several strains of sequence type (ST) 1, which is responsible for most cases of human disease and is considered to be the most pathogenic S. suis lineage. We sampled the strains during their exponential growth phase and mapped RNA sequencing reads to the corresponding strain genomes. We found that the transcriptomes of pathogenic and commensal strains with large genomic divergence were unexpectedly conserved when grown in active porcine serum, but that regulation and expression of key pathways varied. Notably, we observed strong variation of expression across media of genes involved in capsule production in pathogens, and of the agmatine deiminase system in commensals. ST1 strains displayed large differences in gene expression between the two media compared to strains from other clades. Their capacity to regulate gene expression across different environmental conditions may be key to their success as zoonotic pathogens.

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“…Recent microbiome studies have confirmed that commensal S. suis colonize the oral cavity of piglets at high abundance [3–5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Transcriptomics in serum and culture medium reveal shared and differential gene regulation in pathogenic and commensal Streptococcus suis

et al. 2023

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“…As well as being an important pathogen, S. suis is a ubiquitous component of the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract of all pigs. It is one of the most common bacterial species on the surface of the palatine tonsil, which is considered its main niche (12). S. suis disease in pigs takes the form of septicaemia with sudden death, meningitis, arthritis, and endocarditis, and most often affects piglets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence and diversification of a zoonotic pathogen from within the microbiota of intensively farmed pigs

Murray

Hossain

Miller

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The expansion and intensification of livestock production is predicted to promote the emergence of pathogens. As pathogens sometimes jump between species this can affect the health of humans as well as livestock. Here we investigate how livestock microbiota can act as a source of these emerging pathogens through analysis of Streptococcus suis, a ubiquitous component of the respiratory microbiota of pigs that is also a major cause of disease on pig farms and an important zoonotic pathogen. Combining molecular dating, phylogeography and comparative genomic analyses of a large collection of isolates, we find that several pathogenic lineages of S. suis emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, during an early period of growth in pig farming. These lineages have since spread between countries and continents, mirroring trade in live pigs. They are distinguished by the presence of three genomic islands with putative roles in metabolism and cell adhesion, and an ongoing reduction in genome size, which may reflect their recent shift to a more pathogenic ecology. Reconstructions of the evolutionary histories of these islands reveal constraints on pathogen emergence that could inform control strategies, with pathogenic lineages consistently emerging from one subpopulation of S. suis and acquiring genes through horizontal transfer from other pathogenic lineages. These results shed light on the capacity of the microbiota to rapidly evolve to exploit changes in their host population and suggest that the impact of changes in farming on the pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of S. suis is yet to be fully realised.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics in serum and culture medium reveal shared and differential gene regulation in pathogenic and commensalStreptococcus suis

Fredriksen

Ruijten

Murray

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Streptococcus suis colonizes the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs at high abundance but can also cause opportunistic respiratory and systemic disease. Disease-associated S. suis reference strains are well studied, but less is known about commensal lineages. It is not known what mechanisms enable some S. suis lineages to cause disease while others persist as commensal colonizers, or to what extent gene expression in disease-associated and commensal lineages diverge. In this study we compared the transcriptomes of 21 S. suis strains grown in active porcine serum and Todd-Hewitt yeast broth. These strains included both commensal and pathogenic strains, including several strains of sequence type (ST) 1, which is responsible for most cases of human disease and considered the most pathogenic S. suis lineage. We sampled the strains during their exponential growth phase and mapped RNA-sequencing reads to the corresponding strain genomes. We found that the transcriptomes of pathogenic and commensal strains with large genomic divergence were unexpectedly conserved when grown in active porcine serum, but that regulation and expression of key pathways varied. Notably, we observed strong variation of expression across media of genes involved in capsule production in pathogens, and of the agmatine deiminase system in commensals. ST1 strains displayed large differences in gene expression between the two media compared to strains from other clades. Their capacity to regulate gene expression across different environmental conditions may be key to their success as zoonotic pathogens.

show abstract

Environmental and maternal factors shaping tonsillar microbiota development in piglets

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Transcriptomics in serum and culture medium reveal shared and differential gene regulation in pathogenic and commensal Streptococcus suis

Transcriptomics in serum and culture medium reveal shared and differential gene regulation in pathogenic and commensal Streptococcus suis

The emergence and diversification of a zoonotic pathogen from within the microbiota of intensively farmed pigs

Transcriptomics in serum and culture medium reveal shared and differential gene regulation in pathogenic and commensalStreptococcus suis

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