Environmental and Occupational Hazards of Metal Nanocompounds Production and Application: Hygienic, Clinical and Toxicological Aspects

Yavorovskiy, O. P.; Omelchuk, S. Т.; Sokurenko, Lyudmyla; Zinchenko, Tetyana O; Solokha, N. V.; Aleksiichuk, Vasyl; Brukhno, R.P.

doi:10.36740/wlek201908117

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…Виявлено зміни, спричинені впливом наночастинок металів, експресії генів, що відповідають за циркадні ритми організму, регуляцію метаболізму та апоптоз клітин [7,8]. У фаховій літературі наведено доволі обмежені дані щодо впливу наночастинок TiO 2 на печінку, хоча добре відомо, що ключову роль у детоксикації екзогенних хімічних речовин відіграє саме цей орган [9,10].…”

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Toxicological and morphological aspects of nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag acute action on the liver of mice

Yavorovskyi,

Savosko,

Riabovol

et al. 2023

Patologìâ

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Aim. To study the toxic effect of TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanopowders on the morphology and elemental composition of the laboratory mice liver. Materials and methods. The study used a model of acute intoxication on laboratory animals. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanopowders at 4000 mg/kg, 7000 mg/kg, or 10000 mg/kg doses. During two weeks, the animals were observed, lethality was assessed, the accumulation of nanopowder in the organ and the morphology of liver tissues were investigated. The content of titanium and silver in liver samples was determined by optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma. Liver tissue micropreparations were examined using an Olympus BX51 light microscope. Also, the micropreparations of the liver were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using the Tescan Mira 3 device, and the elemental composition was determined using an energy dispersive spectrometer Oxford instrument, X-max 80 mm2. Results. The dependence of the mice lethality on the nanopowders dose was revealed; mortality was higher when exposed to nano-TiO2-Ag compared to nano-TiO2. Average lethal doses were calculated using probit analysis. For nano-TiO2, the LD50 is 4783.30 mg/kg; for nano-TiO2-Ag – 724.44 mg/kg. The accumulation of titanium, titanium, and silver in the liver after exposure to nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag was established. In general, there was a tendency to increase the content of titanium in the skin tissue with an increase in the administered dose of nanopowders. Morphological changes in the liver were studied by histological methods. The most characteristic morphological signs of the toxic effect of nano-TiO2 on tissue were dystrophic changes at the level of 67.7 % (cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes), and when exposed to nano-TiO2-Ag – initial necrotic changes at the level of 70 % (hepatocytes with nuclear pyknosis). It is worth noting that the toxic effect of nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag is much less often manifested by focal necrosis and inflammatory reactions (focal infiltration), in some cases, there were adaptive changes that provoked an increase in the number of binuclear hepatocytes. In case of detection agglomerates of a foreign object (crystalline inclusions) were obtained, which were examined spectrally and showed a high content of titanium (Ti). SEM morphometry showed that the size of nanoparticles and their agglomerates ranged from 80 nm to 20 μm. Conclusions. The lethality of mice was higher when the composition of nano-TiO2-Ag was introduced compared to nano-TiO2. Based on the calculated average lethal doses, both nanopowders were assigned to the 3rd class (moderately dangerous) of the danger of chemical substances according to the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76. It was established that with an increase in the injected dose in the tissue of the products of laboratory mice, the accumulation of titanium (under the action of nano-TiO2) and titanium and silver (under the action of nano-TiO2-Ag) increases. Characteristic microscopic signs of the toxic effect of TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanopowders after intraperitoneal injection in laboratory bags are dystrophic changes in hepatocytes, necrosis of parenchymal disease, while inflammatory reactions occur less often. SEM and the method of elemental mapping of titanium confirmed the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles and their agglomerates in skin tissue when TiO2 nanopowder was administered.

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Toxicological and morphological aspects of nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag acute action on the liver of mice

Yavorovskyi,

Savosko,

Riabovol

et al. 2023

Patologìâ

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Comparative toxicological-hygienic assessment, structural-morphological, physicochemical characteristics, and virucidal properties of new nanopowder materials TiO2 and TiO2@Ag

Yavorovsky,

Riabovol,

Zinchenko

et al. 2024

Med. perspekt.

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In order to address safety concerns related to the acquisition and utilization of TiO2 and TiO2@Ag nanomaterials, as well as to investigate their disinfectant and biological effects, the structural-morphological, morphometry, toxicological, cytotoxic, and virucidal properties of these specified nanomaterials have been studied through experiments conducted on laboratory animals and in vitro. It has been demonstrated that the TiO2@Ag nanocomposite exhibited distinct physicochemical characteristics: it consisted of TiO2 nanoparticles ranging in size from 13 nm to 20 nm and Ag nanoparticles ranging from 35 nm to 40 nm with 4.0 wt% of silver localized on the surface of titanium dioxide. The purity of the modification of synthesized nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2@Ag has been confirmed. Acute intraperitoneal administration of nanopowders revealed LD50 values of 4783.30 mg/kg for nano-TiO2 and 724.44 mg/kg for nano-TiO2@Ag. A slight accumulation was observed upon repeated (28-fold) intragastric administration of nano-TiO2. The cumulative dose administered, which equated to 15.9 multiples of the LD50 (76040 mg/kg), did not result in animal mortality but led to retardation in body weight gain. TiO2 and TiO2@Ag nanopowders do not irritate the skin, induce mild conjunctival irritation, and may exhibit a weak sensitizing effect. Nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2@Ag powders accumulate in the tissues of internal organs and cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and lungs of laboratory animals upon intraperitoneal administration. The most characteristic morphological signs of the toxic effect of nano-TiO2 on liver tissue were observed at a level of 67.7% (cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes), while in the case of nano-TiO2@Ag initial necrotic changes were at a level of 70.0% (hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei). Immunoassay analysis has demonstrated that TiO2@Ag and TiO2 nanomaterials at concentrations of 30 µg/ml can enhance the functional activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro by increasing the production of cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-4 in donors (p<0.05). This indicates the potential for chronic inflammation and allergic reactions among synthesis operators. In the study of the impact of nanomaterials on murine germ cells, it has been established that they affect the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and exert a damaging effect on mitochondrial membranes and overall cell integrity. Estimated approximate safe exposure levels in the workplace air are 0.3 mg/m3 for nano-TiO2 and 0.2 mg/m3 for nano-TiO2@Ag. Nano-TiO2@Ag and nano-TiO2 at a concentration of 100 µg/ml exhibit pronounced extracellular virucidal activity against human adenovirus serotype 2. The TiO2@Ag nanocomposite has a less damaging effect on Нер-2 cells compared to nano-TiO2.

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Environmental and Occupational Hazards of Metal Nanocompounds Production and Application: Hygienic, Clinical and Toxicological Aspects

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Toxicological and morphological aspects of nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag acute action on the liver of mice

Toxicological and morphological aspects of nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag acute action on the liver of mice

Comparative toxicological-hygienic assessment, structural-morphological, physicochemical characteristics, and virucidal properties of new nanopowder materials TiO2 and TiO2@Ag

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