Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of Shrimp Farming in the Philippines: A Critical Analysis Using PRISMA

Abstract

Shrimp aquaculture is under pressure to increase its production to meet the growing demand for food from a growing population. In the Philippines, aquaculture has experienced the shift from milkfish to prawn, with its attractive marketable price. This intensification has led to negative and positive impacts, which have raised a range of environmental and socioeconomic problems. This paper reviews the environmental and socioeconomic challenges that the shrimp aquaculture industry faces using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. We examine the gaps and the changes that are required to revitalize the industry. We examine and assess the impacts of shrimp culture on the environment, e.g., shrimp farm management, marine pollution, disease outbreaks, and the social, economic, and climate change impacts. The presence of viral diseases, such as White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Monodon Baculovirus (MBV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), Hepatopancreatic Parvovirus (HPV), and Yellow Head Virus (YHV), have caused approximate losses in the industry of 40,080 mt in 1997, and 51,000 mt in 2014. Recommended strategies and policy changes are considered for the improvement of shrimp aquaculture, including disease management, the adoption of good aquaculture practices, proper environmental monitoring, sustainable practices at the farm level, and priorities for cooperation among the concerned government agencies and local governments, as well as the involvement of state universities and colleges, for better management practices.

Harnessing the potential of sugarcane-based liquid byproducts—molasses and spentwash (vinasse) for enhanced soil health and environmental quality. A systematic review

“…Stephen et al. 10.3389/fagro.2024.1358076 challenges posed by climate change (Macusi et al, 2022;Tlatlaa et al, 2023). Comparable methodologies have been utilized by other researchers in the development of their systematic reviews (Gurwick et al, 2013;Pahlevan-Sharif et al, 2019).…”

Vulnerability Assessment of Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Farms and Vendors in Davao, Philippines Using FishVool

“…For the P. vannamei farmers, the other indirect impacts of climate change are associated to worsening water quality due to high stocking density, or semi-intensive and intensive culture of finfish or shrimps, overfeeding, obstruction of waterways, and lack of clear government policy in terms of common area management for a body of water such as Tilapia farms in Taal Lake in Batangas [43][44][45]. In addition, the prevalence of shrimp diseases has been connected to worsening water quality or inability to control and, manage water quality and the use of a good source of fry or postlarvae [46].…”

Diminishing mangrove forest structures in Davao City, Philippines

“…However, due to human activities such as urban development, aquaculture, mining, overexploitation, and coastal landfills, mangrove forests have been continuously destroyed over recent decades in nearly every country where they exist (Macusi et al, 2022). For instance, once covering over 20 million hectares globally, mangrove forests declined sharply to 15.2 million hectares in 2005, a reduction of approximately 30%; they are still disappearing at a rate of 1~2% per year worldwide (Liu et al, 2018).…”