Environmental and strength‐enhanced nanosilica‐based composite gel for well temporary plugging in high‐temperature reservoirs

Jia, Hu; Yang, Xinyu

doi:10.1002/apj.2270

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Chen et al added 1 wt % nano-SiO 2 to the HPAM/PEI gel system, which could form a polymer gel system with higher strength at 130 °C. Jia and Yang found that when the nano-SiO 2 content increased to 8 wt %, high-strength polymer gel could be formed at 130 °C. However, the related gelation mechanism of the above nanoparticle-enhanced HPAM/PEI gels is still not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanofiber-Enhanced HPAM/PEI Gels for Conformance Control in Petroleum Reservoirs with High Temperatures

et al. 2022

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Nanoparticles have recently been widely used in polymer gel systems to enhance gel strength. However, it is yet unclear how various types of nanoparticles affect the gelation characteristics of polymer gels. In addition, nanomaterials are rarely studied for enhancing the temperature resistance of polyethyleneimine (PEI) cross-linked polyacrylamide gels (i.e., HPAM/PEI gels). Under the urgent requirements of global carbon neutrality, this paper intends to use carbon nanofibers as gel performanceenhancing materials. Furthermore, the mechanism of their influence on the gelation properties and temperature resistance of HPAM/PEI gels was investigated. We evaluated the gelation time of the carbon nanofiber-enhanced HPAM/PEI gels at both 80 and 150 °C by the Sydansk method. The gelation properties and microscopic network structure of the gels were evaluated by rheometer, differential calorimetry scanning/thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that adding carbon nanofibers could delay the gelation time at 80 °C, and the gelation time of the polymer gel system reaching F was more than 6 days. On the other hand, the addition of carbon nanofibers could slightly shorten the gelation time of the polymer gel at an ultrahigh temperature of 150 °C. Moreover, the gel strength reached the highest when the addition amount of carbon nanofibers was 0.1%. The gel strength (G′) was as high as 12 Pa, and its stability was as long as 30 days, which was more temperature-resistant than that without adding nanofibers. The microstructure of carbon nanofiber-enhanced HPAM/PEI gels showed many tiny pore-like structures, which might be more conducive to heat dissipation and prevent dehydration. As a result, the carbon nanofiber-enhanced HPAM/PEI gel system had outstanding thermal stability and could be applied in ultrahigh-temperature reservoir conditions while maintaining high plugging strength. This study can present new ideas for improving the nanoparticle-enhanced HPAM/PEI gels in high-temperature petroleum reservoirs and further improving oil recovery, which has essential reference significance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanofiber-Enhanced HPAM/PEI Gels for Conformance Control in Petroleum Reservoirs with High Temperatures

et al. 2022

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“…In spite of the high storage modulus values of the PAM/PEI gel, the new wellbore strengthening and water-shutoff application require enhanced strength. Many materials such as silica, clays, and oxides of aluminum, magnesium, and zinc have been implemented to reinforce the composed gel during the cross-linking of polymer solutions. , Silica has capabilities to extend the thermal as well as salinity tolerance of the base fluids after bridging the polymer chains . Moreover, it has a high surface area which is beneficial in providing a more stable structure through increasing the tie points between the polymer entanglement .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology of Triamine Functionalized Silica Reinforced Polymeric Gels Developed for Conformance Control Applications

et al. 2019

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Recently, cross-linked polymers such as polyacrylamide (PAM)/polyethylenimine (PEI) have been used in conformance control applications to replace conventional lost circulation materials (LCMs). The objective of this work is to introduce functionalized silica to reinforce PAM and enhance gel performance under high temperature high pressure (HTHP) conditions. A system was developed using PAM/triamine silica (TAS) combined with nanosilica (NS) to replace the conventional PEI as a cross-linker. Polymer systems consisting of 9 wt % PAM and polyacrylamide tert-butyl (PAtBA) with various concentrations of PEI, TAS, and NS (50 nm) were used to produce mature gels at 130 °C. The results have shown that TAS has formed a gel with code “E” on the Sydansk coding system. Adding a low concentration (1–2 wt %) of 50 nm silica has eliminated the settling of microsized TAS and produced a reinforced gelant system with code “I”. The cross-linking was accomplished via an amine group similar to the PEI mechanism with the advantage of strength and stability due to the presence of silica. The increase in the gel strength of the PAM/TAS formulation depends on the amount of NS; the gel strength of the PAM/PEI system has increased from 1670 Pa to more than 9000 Pa for the PAM/TAS/NS system. The new formulation is compatible with high salinity water, and a chelating agent could be introduced to prevent formation damage.

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“…Herein, hydrogels are used as profile control and water shutoff agents to adjust the flow direction of the flooding water and drive more crude out to enhance oil recovery . They can also be used as a temporary plugging fluid to prevent the workover fluid in the well bore from leaking into the stratum during the workover process. − The hydrogel can be used as an annulus sealant. In the production process of oil and gas wells, after an interlayer cross flow is formed in the annulus by the crack of the annulus cement ring, the hydrogel is squeezed into the channel to prevent the fluid flow from high-pressure formation to low-pressure formation through the channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bentonite–Acrylamide Hydrogels Prepared by the Nonmixing Method: Characterization and Properties

Guo

Yang

Wang³

et al. 2019

ACS Omega

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A significant amount of research has been conducted on bentonite–acrylamide hydrogels. These gels are usually prepared by uniformly mixing bentonite with reactive monomers. Herein, a new preparation method of bentonite–acrylamide hydrogels has been proposed to cater to one novel application of bentonite–acrylamide hydrogels. In this method, bentonite–acrylamide hydrogel was obtained by pressing bentonite into a thin mud cake and extruding a mixed liquor of acrylamide, a cross-linking agent, an initiator, and water into the thin mud cake and then subjecting the system to water-bath curing. The effects of extrusion pressure, extrusion time, and acrylamide concentration on the tensile strength and elemental composition of bentonite–acrylamide hydrogel were investigated. The results show that the tensile strength of the bentonite–acrylamide hydrogel first increased and then tended to be stable with the further increase in extrusion pressure and extrusion time. As the concentration of acrylamide increased, the tensile strength of the bentonite–acrylamide hydrogel increased first and then decreased slightly. With the increase in extrusion pressure, extrusion time, and acrylamide concentration, the contents of C and N elements in the thin mud cake gradually increased and then tended to be stable, which reflects the state of the monomer entering the thin mud cake. In addition, the elemental composition of the bentonite–acrylamide hydrogel was analyzed via the scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry method, and it was found that the composition of the hydrogel was relatively uniform in the direction of mixed liquor extrusion.

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Environmental and strength‐enhanced nanosilica‐based composite gel for well temporary plugging in high‐temperature reservoirs

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Carbon Nanofiber-Enhanced HPAM/PEI Gels for Conformance Control in Petroleum Reservoirs with High Temperatures

Carbon Nanofiber-Enhanced HPAM/PEI Gels for Conformance Control in Petroleum Reservoirs with High Temperatures

Rheology of Triamine Functionalized Silica Reinforced Polymeric Gels Developed for Conformance Control Applications

Bentonite–Acrylamide Hydrogels Prepared by the Nonmixing Method: Characterization and Properties

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