Environmental and vegetation changes in southeastern Amazonia during the late Pleistocene and Holocene

Vegetation response to climatic changes in western Amazonia over the last 7,600 years

“…Although there is some variation in the expression of the MHDE in Amazonia, when the event is documented, it generally occurs between 6,500 and 3,600 cal yr bp (Alizadeh et al, ; Bush et al, ; Carson et al, ; Cordeiro et al, ; Fontes et al, ; Hermanowski, Costa, & Behling, ; Irion et al, ; Maezumi, Power, Mayle, McLauchlan, & Iriarte, ; Mayle & Power, ; Reis et al, ). The regions with the most similar climatic MHDE signals to those of Lake Pata (6,500–3,600 cal yr bp ) were the forested areas near Puerto Maldonado, Peru, where Lakes Parker and Gentry show signs of dryness from 7,200 to 3,300 cal yr bp (Bush, Listopad, & Silman, 2007), and from the Yasuni region of Ecuador, where drying was manifested between 8,700 and 3,700 (Weng, Bush, & Athens, ).…”

“…Map shows the location of Hill of Six Lakes (small green box) and of Lake Pata (Google Earth image) in relation to modern drier quarter precipitation in Amazonia (Hijmans, Cameron, Parra, Jones, & Jarvis, ) and other palaeoclimate records (letters) discussed in the text. CH: Chaplin, BV: Bella Vista (Mayle et al, ), LG: Laguna Granja, OR: Orícore (Carson et al, ), PK: Parker, GT: Gentry (Bush, Silman, Toledo, et al, ), HM: Huanchaca Mesetta swamp (Maezumi et al, ), SA: Lagoa do Saci (Fontes et al, ), CJ: Carajás (Absy, et al, ; Alizadeh et al, ; Cordeiro et al, , ; Hermanowski, Costa, Carvalho, & Behling, ; Reis et al, ; Sifeddine et al, ; Turcq et al, ), SC: Sarucuri, Santa Maria, Lagoa Comprida, Lagoa Geral (Bush et al, ; M.B Bush, Silman, Toledo, et al, ), TJ: (Irion et al, ), CL: Colombian Llanos Savannahs (Behling & Hooghiemstra, ; Berrio, Hooghiemstra, Behling, Botero, & Borg, ; Wijmstra & van der Hammen, ), JA: Jacaré Lake (De Toledo, ), M4: Maxus 4 wetland (Weng et al, ). Dashed line: charcoal analysis at the road connecting the cities of Cuiabá and Santarém (Soubies, ).…”

“…The return to wetter conditions, however, was time transgressive as the drought varied in its local effect, pushing some locations further past an ecological tipping point than others. Consequently, forest establishment was delayed longer in the drier settings occurring c. 3,000 cal yr bp (Carson et al, ; Hermanowski, da Costa, & Behling, ; Mayle et al, ; Mayle, Langstroth, Fisher, & Meir, ; Reis et al, ; Sifeddine et al, ) than in wetter ones, where establishment was complete by c. 4,000 cal bp (Irion et al, ). None of the Amazonian records available so far present detailed reconstructions of lowland systems in forest regions that lack strong seasonality.…”

Beyond Refugia: New Insights on Quaternary Climate Variation and the Evolution of Biotic Diversity in Tropical South America

“…3.1). While the available information points to stability of wet tropical forests in western to central Amazonia, there is clear evidence of biome expansion and contraction near rainforest-savanna ecotones in the southern and eastern Amazon regions (Absy et al 1991;Burbridge et al 2004;Hermanowski et al 2012;Reis et al 2017).…”

Relações paleoclimá¡ticas e paleoambientais durante o Holoceno no Leste da Amazônia na região da Volta Grande do Rio Xingu

“…O início e o médio Holoceno foram épocas de aumento do nível relativo do mar (Angulo et al, 2002), enfraquecimento do El Niño / Oscilação Sul (ENSO) (Conroy et al, 2008) (Irion et al, 2006). No entanto, estudos em sedimentos com idades dentro do Holoceno Tardio, registraram aumento da frequência do sistema ENSO (Conroy et al, 2008) e retorno de condições climáticas úmidas na Amazônia (Mayle, 2000;Baker et al, 2001;Bush et al, 2004c;Cordeiro et al, 2011;Cohen et al, 2014;Reis et al, 2017).…”