Environmental Applications of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: 1. Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Over the past few decades, environmental applications of the boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode are reported to be vast and versatile. Applications of BDD electrodes in the field of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) for the abatement of toxic persistent organic pollutants are significant, owing to the easy and effective way of treatment. This article focuses on highlighting and summarizing the applications of the BDD electrode for the treatment of different synthetic and real wastewaters, such as those involved in pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides/herbicides, dyes, etc. We also review the processes and methodologies involving the synthesis of BDD electrodes and summarize the desirable characteristic features required for the application of EAOPs. Applications of BDD electrodes for the treatment of wastewater through different EAOPs, including anodic oxidation, electro‐Fenton, coupling processes such as electro‐Fenton pyrite, bioelectro‐Fenton, and their recent advancements are also discussed in detail. It envisages the greater potential for complete treatment of different toxic wastewater effluents. This Review shows that the application of BDD electrodes in the field of wastewater treatment is tremendous and proves to be a promising material for future perspectives.

Interrogating the Surface Intermediates and Water Oxidation Products of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

“…[1,2] Since the hydrophobic surface, low density of states, and low availability of binding sites limit inner sphere reactions, the overpotential for the oxidation of water is high, facilitating the production of free hydroxyl radicals, [3,4] the indirect and direct oxidation of electrolyte to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) or other oxidants (such as persulfate and active chlorine), [5][6][7][8][9] and electrochemical combustion of organic molecules and biofilms. [10][11][12][13][14] However, the adsorbate chemistries that influence these reactions have not been studied in depth, as many studies have focused on bulk, galvanostatic measurements. [5][6][7][8]10,11] The dynamics of ROS on and near the surface of BDD electrodes are critical to performance.…”

Electrochemical Technologies for Detecting and Degrading Benzoquinone Using Diamond Films

“…[9,10] Among those processes, the electrochemical oxidation (EO) has been the most employed method for treating organic pollutants applying different electrocatalytic materials. [11][12][13] Borondoped diamond (BDD) anodes are widely used in EO due to their important characteristics that stand out from conventional electrodes, [14][15][16][17][18] as well as their application to electro-synthesize oxidants or compounds of high added value. [19][20][21] In addition, its greater O 2 overpotential promotes the electrogeneration of higher amounts of physical adsorbed * OH radicals on its surface from water oxidation (Eq.…”

Treatment of Arsenite‐Contaminated Water by Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes

“…Complete mineralization, reduction in toxicity or improvement in biodegradability of the wastewater, after treatment by electrochemical advanced oxidation process was reported by several authors . Higher pollutant removal efficiency, simplicity in operation, less operating cost, and the use of non‐hazardous chemicals in electrochemical advanced oxidation process, attracted more researchers to this research area …”