Environmental Aspects

Water in the Pulp and Paper Industry

“…Anaerobic processes are employed for treatment of more highly polluted effluents such as effluents from recovered paper converting mills (Hamm, 2006). Anaerobic microorganisms conduct their metabolism only in the absence of oxygen.…”

“…Depending on the treatment process used, other parameters such as pH, conductivity, and temperature are important for operational safety. Normally, in paper industry effluents, phosphorus and nitrogen compounds serving as nutrients for microorganisms are either absent or only available in insufficient quantities (Hamm, 2006). Therefore, it must be ensured that dosages of nutrients in treatment plants provide a sufficient supply for the microbiota.…”

“…The BOD 5 efficiency achievable with welloperated activated sludge processes is typically within the range of 90-98% (Hamm, 2006). The drawbacks of aerobic treatment technology include the relatively high operating costs due to the aeration of the effluent.…”