Environmental assessment of heavy metal pollution of Diyala River within Baghdad City

Al-Hussaini, Safaa Nasser Hassan; Al-Obaidy, Abdul Hameed M.J.; Al-Mashhady, Athmar A.M.

doi:10.1007/s13201-018-0707-9

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Despite the unprecedented serious environmental pollution in the Baghdad city (the capital of Iraq), there is little attention by the researchers, the government, and international organizations paid to this site due to the lack of funds allocated for research in addition to the ongoing, financial crisis in Iraq, and the absence of law to protect rivers and lakes from dumping hazardous waste into freshwater [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Pollution Risks for Many Drinking Water Sources in Baghdad City, Iraq

Jabar¹,

Thabit²

2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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To determine contamination levels of pollutants in all of Baghdad's drinking water sources, all samples were taken from different water sources which are used in research areas and examined by AAS, pH, turbidity and TDS meters. The results indicate the mean concentrations of heavy elements (Cd, Co, Pb, and Cr (except for the concentration of chromium in one site)) were within WHO permissible limit> in the samples of drinking water were higher than the international limits. Mean concentrations of other heavy elements (Cu, Fe, and Ni) in water samples were below WHO recommendations permitted limits. The findings of the sample pH values were within the international acceptable limits. Turbidity values for all samples were within the Iraqi and global limits except 4 sites that exceeded acceptable WHO and Iraqi guideline limits. The levels of TDS in all samples were also lower than WHO except the samples in two sites which show levels of TDS higher than the Iraqi and WHO limits. According to the results above, all the drinking water projects in the Tigris River and water wells in Baghdad city must be monitored, Adequate and new drinking water treatment methods shall also be used. The Heavy Pollution Index (HPI) findings indicate that the drinking water sources in the city of Baghdad have been substantially polluted with Cd, Co and Pb.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Pollution Risks for Many Drinking Water Sources in Baghdad City, Iraq

Jabar¹,

Thabit²

2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…Groundwater potential assessment along with watershed management and environmental assessment can be performed with respect to the geographic characteristics of a drainage basin [6]. Various parameters of the stream and its drainage such as water quality index, pollution index, and metal index can be used to estimate the watershed behavior throughout heavy rainfalls [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Eastern Iraq

2019

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Large amounts of runoff is generated in western Iran and flows into eastern Iraq due to relatively intensive rainstorms along the international border line. Currently, most of this runoff is being wasted by evaporation instead of being stored and preserved for later uses. This paper is an attempt to (1) assess and harness the water resources of eastern Iraq, and (2) propose a storage scheme to use the harvested water in the water shortage times. The runoff of eight catchment areas (Mandali, Qazania, Tursaq, Mirzabad, Galal Badra, al-Chabbab, al-Teeb, and Dwaireeg) is estimated using regression equations derived for areas in the western and southern parts of the United States of America. Several models were selected from two states based on catchment area location, average terrain elevation, average annual precipitation, and slope of main stream. Observed runoffs of Tursaq, Galal Badra, and al-Chabbab streams are analyzed using normal probability plots. Statistical analysis shows that there is no a statistically significant difference between observed and predicted runoffs for different return periods. The study proposes a water reservoir to be constructed within al-Shiwiaja Marsh to accommodate runoff generated within Mandali, Qazania, Tursaq, Mirzabad, and Galal Badra streams. The capacity of the proposed reservoir is 3000 Mm3 and the expected inflow from these streams is projected to exceed the capacity of the reservoir. The proposed reservoir will contribute to the flow of the River Tigris during the non-rainy seasons. More studies are needed to propose and design a storage scheme for two remaining streams (al-Teeb and Dwaireeg).

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“…In addition, HPI takes into consideration the concentrations of chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, manganese and iron [52]. The pollution index (PI) is calculated based on the concentration of the individual metal; thus, each metal has its specific PI value [53]. The PI was chosen in this present study because it was targeted to highlight the impact of each studied metal on the investigated areas and to identify possible ecological risks generated by a specific contaminant, and not by the mixture of analyzed metals.…”

Section: Pollution Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Innovative Methods for Aquatic Heavy Metals Pollution Based on Bioindicators in Support of Blue Economy in the Danube River Basin

et al. 2021

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Heavy metal pollution is still present in the Danube River basin, due to intensive naval and agricultural activities conducted in the area. Therefore, continuous monitoring of this pivotal aquatic macro-system is necessary, through the development and optimization of monitoring methodologies. The main objective of the present study was to develop a prediction model for heavy metals accumulation in biological tissues, based on field gathered data which uses bioindicators (fish) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. Samples of water and fish were collected from the lower sector of Danube River (DR), Danube Delta (DD) and Black Sea (BS). The following indicators were analyzed in samples: cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) (in water and fish tissues), respectively, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) (in fish tissues). The pollution index (PI) was calculated to identify the most polluted studied ecosystem, which revealed that Danube River is seriously affected by the presence of Fe (IP = 4887) and strongly affected by the presence of Zn (IP = 4.49). The concentration of Cd in fish muscle tissue was above the maximum permitted level (0.05 µg/g) by the EU regulation. From all analyzed OS biomarkers, MDA registered the highest median values in fish muscle (145.7 nmol/mg protein in DR, 201.03 nmol/mg protein in DD, 148.58 nmol/mg protein in BS) and fish liver (200.28 nmol/mg protein in DR, 163.67 nmol/mg protein, 158.51 nmol/mg protein), compared to CAT, SOD and GPx. The prediction of Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Cu in fish hepatic and muscle tissue was determined based on CAT, SOD, GPx and MDA, by using non-linear tree-based RF prediction models. The analysis emphasizes that MDA in hepatic tissue is the most important independent variable for predicting heavy metals in fish muscle and tissues at BS coast, followed by GPx in both hepatic and muscle tissues. The RF analytical framework revealed that CAT in muscle tissue, respectively, MDA and GPx in hepatic tissues are most common predictors for determining the heavy metals concentration in both muscle and hepatic tissues in DD area. For DR, the MDA in muscle, followed by MDA in hepatic tissue are the main predictors in RF analysis.

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Environmental assessment of heavy metal pollution of Diyala River within Baghdad City

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Chemical Pollution Risks for Many Drinking Water Sources in Baghdad City, Iraq

Chemical Pollution Risks for Many Drinking Water Sources in Baghdad City, Iraq

Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Eastern Iraq

Predictive Innovative Methods for Aquatic Heavy Metals Pollution Based on Bioindicators in Support of Blue Economy in the Danube River Basin

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