Environmental Benefits for Phase-Out HCFC-22 in the Residential Air-Conditioner Sector in China

Wan, Tingting; Dou, Yanwei; Wang, Lei; Yang, Lirong; Zhou, Xiaofang; Wan, Dan; Hu, Jianxin

doi:10.3724/sp.j.1248.2011.00086

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In addition to the two HFOs R-1234yf and R-1234ze(E) previously discussed, the blends studied in this work include three HFCs: R-32 (difluoromethane), R-152a (1,1-difluoroethane), and R-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane). Its superior thermodynamic properties have led R-32 to be used as a replacement for R-22 and R-410A in residential air conditioners; , however, it has a moderately high GWP 100 of 771 , and is mildly flammable with an A2L safety classification under ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 . R-152a is commonly used as an aerosol propellant and foam blowing agent and is considered a potential replacement for R-134a in domestic refrigerators; it has a lower GWP than R-32 (GWP 100 = 164) , but is more flammable with an A2 safety classification .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor and Liquid (p–ρ–T–x) Measurements of Binary Refrigerant Blends Containing R-32, R-152a, R-227ea, R-1234yf, and R-1234ze(E)

Fortin

McLinden

2023

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The pressure–density–temperature–composition (p–ρ–T–x) data of binary refrigerant mixtures containing R-32 (difluoromethane), R-152a (1,1,-difluoroethane), R-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane), R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene), and R-1234ze(E) (trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) were measured in both the vapor and liquid phases using a two-sinker, magnetic suspension densimeter. The specific samples in this study comprised two compositions of approximately (0.3/0.7) and (0.7/0.3) mole fraction for each of the following four binary refrigerant blends: R-32 + R-1234yf, R-32 + R-1234ze(E), R-1234yf + R-152a, and R-1234ze(E) + R-227ea. Single-phase vapor densities were measured over a temperature range of approximately 253 to 293 K and pressures from 0.05 to 0.98 MPa. Single-phase liquid and supercritical densities were measured over a temperature range of approximately 230 to 400 K and pressures up to 22 MPa; for refrigerant blends containing R-1234yf, the maximum pressure was limited to 14 MPa. Overall relative combined, expanded (k = 2) uncertainties in density ranged from 0.025 to 0.191%, with an average uncertainty of approximately 0.05%. Here, we present measurement results, along with comparisons to available literature data and to default equations of state and mixture models included in REFPROP.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor and Liquid (p–ρ–T–x) Measurements of Binary Refrigerant Blends Containing R-32, R-152a, R-227ea, R-1234yf, and R-1234ze(E)

Fortin

McLinden

2023

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…It was revealed that the examined new refrigerants show varying performance, depending on the evaporator temperatures, but in every case, the condenser temperature seems to have an important impact on the performance of the cycle. Wan et al [65] reported that residential air-conditioner with HC-290 will produce more environmental benefits compared with HFC-410A, due to a high reduction of greenhouse gas emissions which slows down global warming. Farraj et al [66] experimentally compared the performance of R22 and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Mixture (LPGM) of 30 % propane, R-290 and 70 % butane, R-600, (weight ratio) in a one ton split air conditioning unit (A/C) powered by solar energy.…”

Section: Based On Evaporator Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Refrigerants for HCFC 22—a Review

Kalla¹

2018

Journal of Thermal Engineering

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The aim of this paper is to determine the best available alternative which could replace existing refrigerant R22, with minimum or no changes in the air conditioning system. For this purpose, both the theoretical as well as experimental studies done in this area of research have been reviewed. The most popular HFC, R410A is having lower critical temperature, which restricts its usage in compression based systems working at higher condensing temperatures whereas for R407C, a change to synthetic lubricant is required and HC-290 is flammable. It is suggested that until the safety issue of use of hydrocarbon refrigerants in quantities exceeding 500gm is resolved, we should go for those mixtures of HFCs and HCs for which TEWI index is the lowest.

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Assessment of energy‐efficient appliances: A review of the technologies and policies in India's residential sector

Singh

Henriques

Martins

2018

WIREs Energy & Environment

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The promotion of energy efficiency has been at the forefront of the energy policy agenda. New technological inventions and increasing environmental concerns related to contemporary energy policy are the main drivers of the adoption of more energy-efficient appliances in the domestic sector. Additionally, the mandatory star labeling program and incentive design mechanisms are also raising awareness and motivation for their use, thus contributing to the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable energy policies generally pursue programs aiming for energy efficiency among domestic appliances. In India there are currently nine domestic electrical appliances/end-uses certified with star labeling programs, in particular lighting sources, refrigerators, air conditioners, water heaters, televisions, computers, washing machines, ceiling fans, and water pumps. This study reviews main issues affecting selection of energy-efficient technologies in India's domestic sector highlighting the main challenges impacting design of energy efficiency policies and programs in the country.

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Environmental Benefits for Phase-Out HCFC-22 in the Residential Air-Conditioner Sector in China

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Vapor and Liquid (p–ρ–T–x) Measurements of Binary Refrigerant Blends Containing R-32, R-152a, R-227ea, R-1234yf, and R-1234ze(E)

Vapor and Liquid (p–ρ–T–x) Measurements of Binary Refrigerant Blends Containing R-32, R-152a, R-227ea, R-1234yf, and R-1234ze(E)

Alternative Refrigerants for HCFC 22—a Review

Assessment of energy‐efficient appliances: A review of the technologies and policies in India's residential sector

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