Environmental Challenges of Heavy Crude Oils: Management of Liquid
Wastes

Neff, Jerry M.; Hagemann, Randi

doi:10.2523/101973-ms

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Horizontal wells are widely used because their longer horizontal wellbores make the reservoir fluids in or flooding fluids out easily, mostly in heavy oil reservoirs (Neff, 2007), reservoirs with bottom water or a gas cap , naturally fractured reservoirs, lower permeability reservoirs, and reservoirs with a larger angle of dip (Haug, 1991). There exists undesired production performance like water-out channeling in heterogeneous reservoir with bottom water make horizontal well lower efficiency gradually (Wibowo, 2004), watering may be caused by formation heterogeneity, wellbore perforation location, or production performance like higher production rate and flow resistance along a horizontal wellbore (Dikken et al, 1990;Ozkan et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watering Crest Along a Horizontal Well in a Heterogeneous Reservoir with Bottom Water

Zhang

Wang

Jing

2011

Petroleum Science and Technology

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The Lorenz curve has been used for heterogeneity formation. The extreme permeability ratio shows an exponential relation with different permeability Gini factors; the formation can be regarded as homogeneous when the Gini factor is lower than 0.2. Numerical simulation was performed, and it was shown that bottom water is channeling in the highly permeable part, there is a consistency between permeability and watering profile, and the extreme ratio of permeability and watercut are nearly same for same Gini factor. The ultimate oil recovery decreases slightly as the permeability Gini factor increases up to 0.5 and then decreases rapidly; the recovery factor shows an exponential relation. The water-cut performance for a specified distance from distance to an oil and water contact (OWC) and oil-water viscosity ratio show an algebraic equation. Watering crest characteristic models will be practical for the guidance of profile control in field application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watering Crest Along a Horizontal Well in a Heterogeneous Reservoir with Bottom Water

Zhang

Wang

Jing

2011

Petroleum Science and Technology

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Fullfield Heavy Oil Conversion from Cold to Hot Production; Challenges and Solutions

Jansen

Curtis

Mejia-cana

et al. 2011

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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With an increasing interest for extra heavy oil (EHO) extraction, a number of heavy oil fields will initially be produced using a cold production scheme, while at a later stage thermal production in the form of steam injection can be introduced to enhance the recovery. Such a fullfield conversion from cold to hot production has so far only been performed to a limited extent, hence the experience and understanding of the various challenges with such a task is limited. While much work has been carried out on both cold and hot production of extra heavy oil as stand alone processes, little has been published around the procedure of converting from cold to hot production. This conversion contains a number of pitfalls detrimental to a successful field development. In an EHO cold to hot conversion scheme, several choices will have to be made with respect to well positioning, completion options, timing and scale of the conversion. Investment decisions in surface equipment, handling and cost of water and gas for steam generation are also important considerations. All of these designs and decisions affect the success and profitability of the conversion scheme. One of the basic challenges with modeling cold to hot conversion is the difference in scale required. The thermal simulation of a hot production scheme requires a very fine grid to capture the fine scale processes, while for full field simulation one needs a much coarser grid to be able to obtain a manageable model both in size and simulation time. The high number of producers and injectors required on a fullfield scale adds to the complexity of the problem, making recovery, production profile and optimal number of wells highly uncertain. A simplified translation to fullfield conditions of these parameters from sector models or spreadsheets, can introduce erroneous results and conclusions. To assure the best field performance over its lifetime, these issues need to be considered already in the initial field design. Based on the work performed, several interesting observations have been made regarding how to optimize field performance.

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Environmental Challenges of Heavy Crude Oils: Management of Liquid Wastes

Abstract: fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractLarge volumes of produced water are generated during

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Watering Crest Along a Horizontal Well in a Heterogeneous Reservoir with Bottom Water

Watering Crest Along a Horizontal Well in a Heterogeneous Reservoir with Bottom Water

Fullfield Heavy Oil Conversion from Cold to Hot Production; Challenges and Solutions

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