Environmental Combustion Considerations

Glassman, Irvin; Yetter, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-088573-2.00008-7

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This discrepancy can be related to unaccounted processes in the C/N/O mechanism, as well as to physico-chemical properties of HCN not considered in the model. For instance, a possible reaction, not considered in the kinetic mechanism of Klaus and Warnatz [47,48] is of C 2 H 2 and HCN leading to formation of acrylonitrile CH 2 =CH-C≡N [60]. An indication of the possibility of this reaction taking place is the decreased concentration of the C 2 H 2 in the FT-IR spectrum of Ar/C 2 H 5 OH/N 2 in respect to the one in Ar/C 2 H 5 OH plasma output gas (see Figure 4).…”

Section: Theoretical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The algorithm is similar to that found on the commercial code Reaction Design, Chemkin (ANSYS, Inc.) [45]. The kinetic scheme is a combination of two mechanisms, i.e., the kinetic mechanism of ethanol decomposition (the hydrocarbon mechanism) based on the one developed by Marinov [46] and the full mechanism of formation of species containing C, O, N in flames (the so-called C/O/N mechanism) by Klaus and Warnatz [47,48]. The mechanism described in [46] does not consider carbon black formation, thus a carbon block containing new components (gas-phase C, C 2 ) and around 20 new reactions from the kinetic mechanism of Konnov [49] and GRI [50] , and N 2 are considered and the reaction mechanism with the corresponding rate coefficients is included.…”

Section: General Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Synthesis and Nitrogen Doping of Free-Standing Graphene Applying Microwave Plasma

et al. 2020

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An experimental and theoretical investigation on microwave plasma-based synthesis of free-standing N-graphene, i.e., nitrogen-doped graphene, was further extended using ethanol and nitrogen gas as precursors. The in situ assembly of N-graphene is a single-step method, based on the introduction of N-containing precursor together with carbon precursor in the reactive microwave plasma environment at atmospheric pressure conditions. A previously developed theoretical model was updated to account for the new reactor geometry and the nitrogen precursor employed. The theoretical predictions of the model are in good agreement with all experimental data and assist in deeper understanding of the complicated physical and chemical process in microwave plasma. Optical Emission Spectroscopy was used to detect the emission of plasma-generated ‘‘building units’’ and to determine the gas temperature. The outlet gas was analyzed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to detect the generated gaseous by-products. The synthesized N-graphene was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies.

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Section: Theoretical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Synthesis and Nitrogen Doping of Free-Standing Graphene Applying Microwave Plasma

et al. 2020

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“…The minimum ignition energy value of ethylene is the least and for methane the highest, with propane inbetween. 61 While the heat loss remains nearly the same in all the cases, the reduction in minimum ignition energy for ethylene allows for flame propagation to take place at lower Re duct .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In Figure 11, the flame radius is observed to be low and insensitive to Re duct for φ = 1.1 corresponding to peak flame speed, 61,53 whereas it progressively increases with Re duct for φ = 0.9, i.e., for lower flame speed. On the other hand, the dead space progressively decreases with Re duct for both φ , as observed in all cases in Figure 10.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental investigation of flame propagation in a meso-combustor

DuttaRoy

Chakravarthy

Sen

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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The present work aims to study the quenching of propagating flames in meso-combustors for which dimensions are of the order of quenching distances of hydrocarbon fuels. Combustion of gaseous fuels and subsequent flame propagation in a meso-scale combustor duct of square cross-section is studied experimentally. Premixed mixtures of methane, propane, and ethylene with air are considered. Two different variants of flame propagation states are found to occur in the meso-combustor, viz., one undergoing flame propagation till the combustor entry and quenching at the step and the other undergoing wall quenching. Regime transitions across these flame states are mapped comprehensively over a wide range of operating conditions. The radius of curvature of the flame and the dead space between the flame and the wall are determined for those conditions with the aid of curve fitting and image processing techniques using Matlab software. The spatial and temporal variation of both these parameters show a drastic increase during quenching in the wall-quenched case, while it remains nearly constant in the step quenched case. With increasing duct Reynolds number, the flame propagates slower, and the heat conduction to the wall leads to a decrease in the dead space and flattening of the flame, particularly at equivalence ratios corresponding to lower flame speeds. This flame-wall interaction is found to be low for methane, resulting in more heat loss and thereby wall-quenched flames compared to propane and ethylene. None of the ethylene flames were found to suffer wall quenching thereby making it a suitable fuel for meso-/micro-combustors among the three fuels used in the present work.

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