Environmental conditions and rodent infestation in Campo Limpo district, São Paulo municipality, Brazil

Abstract

Rodents are involved in the transmission to human beings of several diseases, including liptospirosis, which shows high lethality rates in Sao Paulo municipality. Despite this, few studies have assessed the relationship existing between urban environmental conditions and building rodent infestation. With the purpose of clarifying this relationship, an analysis has been conducted in order to quantify the influence of environmental factors upon rodent infestation on a low-income district. Diagnosis of the environmental situation has been performed to evaluate the frequency according to which harborage, food and access sources occur, and a survey on infestation rates in 2175 dwellings in the area studied. The logistic regression analysis showed that among the environmental variables, the one that showed the closest association with rodent infestation was access; followed by harborage, and food. It was concluded that poor socioeconomic and environmental conditions in the area propitiate the occurrence of high rodent infestation rates.

Rat infestation associated with environmental deficiencies in an urban slum community with high risk of leptospirosis transmission

“…A high degree of infestation, reaching almost 50% of households, is not surprising in light of the absence of any significant rodent control measures in Pau da Lima during the survey period. It also reflects the general trend seen in urban areas around the world 19,22 , where the poorer the conditions, the higher the level of infestation 23 . Areas with infestation rates above 25% are at high risk of rodent borne diseases 13 .…”

“…The presence of dilapidated fences and walls are described as risk factors for rats in rodent control manuals of both the Brazilian Ministry of Health 10 and the CDC 13 . The presence of a dilapidated fence was a risk factor for R. rattus but not for R. norvegicus in São Paulo 19 . Houses with lumber/clutter on the ground had almost nine times the risk of infestation compared to households without this feature.…”

“…It has been shown that R. norvegicus prefers environments with available water, and their presence has been associated with sewers 11,19,31 . In addition, GAM analysis found that households had a higher risk of rat infestation when situated within 25 meters from an open sewer (Figure 4) or at the lowest point in the valley ( Figure 5).…”

Persistence of Coumarins Rodenticidas Brodifacoum and Coumatetralyl in Brazilian Urban Environment

“…brodifacoum: 3-(3-(4'-bromobiphenyl-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin (see Figure 1) in the formulation paraffin block is very utilized, because usually it lives under the soil, digging tunnels an burrows and breeding in these sites [8]. So, it is frequent your circulation in the storm drains and rainwater, ground soil phone box and margins of streams, preferring sites near to source of the food and water [2]. The paraffin blocks are placed in culverts and similar sites, fixed by wire to how do not stay in contact with the water and same time permit that the animal has accessed and eat the bait.…”

“…The environmental aspects of cities create conditions for the establishment and proliferation of synanthropic animals [1,2] and some these animals are related with different human diseases [3][4][5]. The control of these animals can be done by three possible actions: orientation of the population, environmental management and the rodenticides use.…”