Environmental conditions regulate the impact of plants on cloud formation

Zhao, Defeng; Buchholz, Angela; Tillmann, Ralf; Kleist, E.; Wu, Cheng; Rubach, Florian; Kiendler‐Scharr, Astrid; Rudich, Yinon; Wildt, Jürgen; Mentel, Thomas F.

doi:10.1038/ncomms14067

Cited by 82 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Growth rates above 10 nm generally showed only minor size dependence. Regarding the different nanoparticleforming behavior of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, similar findings were recently reported from plant emission studies in a chamber environment (Zhao et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…State-of-the-art particle sizing instrumentation (Stolzenburg et al, 2017) enables the methods to quantify size-and time-dependent growth rates over the crucial size range between 2 and 50 nm. This thereby helps to improve our understanding of the differences between monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in new particle formation, which have been emphasized by recent studies (Zhao et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Resolving nanoparticle growth mechanisms from size- and time-dependent growth rate analysis

Pichelstorfer¹,

Stolzenburg²,

Ortega³

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation occurs frequently in the global atmosphere and may play a crucial role in climate by affecting cloud properties. The relevance of newly formed nanoparticles depends largely on the dynamics governing their initial formation and growth to sizes where they become important for cloud microphysics. One key to the proper understanding of nanoparticle effects on climate is therefore hidden in the growth mechanisms. In this study we have developed and successfully tested two independent methods based on the aerosol general dynamics equation, allowing detailed retrieval of time-and size-dependent nanoparticle growth rates. Both methods were used to analyze particle formation from two different biogenic precursor vapors in controlled chamber experiments. Our results suggest that growth rates below 10 nm show much more variation than is currently thought and pin down the decisive size range of growth at around 5 nm where in-depth studies of physical and chemical particle properties are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving nanoparticle growth mechanisms from size- and time-dependent growth rate analysis

Pichelstorfer¹,

Stolzenburg²,

Ortega³

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Young et al [43] compare conditions for the years 2010 and 2013 in San Joaquin Valley in California and find increased photochemical production of SOA when solar irradiance was enhanced. Zhao et al [35] note that increases in BVOC concentrations under warming conditions increase particle sizes and thus CCN activities.…”

Section: Biogenic Volatile Organic Gases and Secondary Organic Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, plant stresses that may be induced by a warming climate increase BVOC emissions [35]. This includes the emission increase in response to temperature increase, but also to indirect consequences like insect infestations or droughts.…”

Section: Biogenic Volatile Organic Gases and Secondary Organic Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Feedback on Aerosol Emission and Atmospheric Concentrations

Tegen

Schepanski

2018

Curr Clim Change Rep

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Purpose of Review Climate factors may considerably impact on natural aerosol emissions and atmospheric distributions. The interdependencies of processes within the aerosol-climate system may thus cause climate feedbacks that need to be understood. Recent findings on various major climate impacts on aerosol distributions are summarized in this review. Recent Findings While generally atmospheric aerosol distributions are influenced by changes in precipitation, atmospheric mixing, and ventilation due to circulation changes, emissions from natural aerosol sources strongly depend on climate factors like wind speed, temperature, and vegetation. Aerosol sources affected by climate are desert sources of mineral dust, marine aerosol sources, and vegetation sources of biomass burning aerosol and biogenic volatile organic gases that are precursors for secondary aerosol formation. Different climate impacts on aerosol distributions may offset each other. Summary In regions where anthropogenic aerosol loads decrease, the impacts of climate on natural aerosol variabilities will increase. Detailed knowledge of processes controlling aerosol concentrations is required for credible future projections of aerosol distributions.

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“…They cause higher release of carbon back into the atmosphere and thus strongly affect the carbon 5 balance of ecosystem. The stress-induced emissions are also important for secondary organic aerosol formation (Mentel et al, 2013;Bergström et al, 2014) and cloud droplet formation (Zhao et al, 2017). Thus, they also influence air quality and climate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<sup>13</sup>C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine

Pullinen

Andres

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Due to their large source strengths, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important for atmospheric 10 chemistry. Terpenoids, mainly consisting of isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, are the dominant BVOC class.There are two general mechanisms for their emissions: emissions directly from de novo biosynthesis (de novo emissions) and emissions from organs wherein the terpenoids are stored (pool emissions). While isoprene emissions are pure de novo emissions, the mechanism for monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions is not always distinct. In particular, conifers have large storage pools and both mechanisms may contribute to the emissions. 15To obtain more insight into the mechanisms of the terpenoid emissions from Eurasian conifers, we conducted 13 CO 2 and 13 Cglucose labelling studies with Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The results from the labelling experiments were further compared to diurnal modulations measured for the emission fluxes of the respective terpenoids, as well as to their release from reservoirs in needles and bark tissue.The comparison allowed the following comprehensive statements for the investigated conifers. Consistent to other studies, 20 we found that constitutive monoterpene emissions mainly originate from storage pools but with compound-specific fractions of de novo emissions. In contrast, stress-induced monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions are entirely of de novo nature.We also found at least three different carbon sources for monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis. These sources differ with respect to the timescale after which the recently assimilated carbon reappears in the emitted terpenoids. Carbon directly obtained from assimilated CO 2 has a short turnover time of few hours, while carbon from other alternative carbon sources 25 has intermediate turnover times of few days and even longer. Terpenoid biosynthesis is not restricted to the presence of light and the carbon for terpenoid biosynthesis can be delivered from the alternative carbon sources. In particular for sesquiterpenes, there can be substantial de novo emissions in darkness reaching up to around 60 % of the daytime emissions.

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Environmental conditions regulate the impact of plants on cloud formation

Cited by 82 publications

References 74 publications

Resolving nanoparticle growth mechanisms from size- and time-dependent growth rate analysis

Resolving nanoparticle growth mechanisms from size- and time-dependent growth rate analysis

Climate Feedback on Aerosol Emission and Atmospheric Concentrations

<sup>13</sup>C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine

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Environmental conditions regulate the impact of plants on cloud formation

Cited by 82 publications

References 74 publications

Resolving nanoparticle growth mechanisms from size- and time-dependent growth rate analysis

Resolving nanoparticle growth mechanisms from size- and time-dependent growth rate analysis

Climate Feedback on Aerosol Emission and Atmospheric Concentrations

&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine

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<sup>13</sup>C labelling study of constitutive and stress-induced terpenoide missions from Norway spruce and Scots pine