Environmental contaminants and pregnancy outcomes

Windham, Gayle C.; Fenster, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.041

Cited by 105 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Mesmo em mulheres não envolvidas diretamente na atividade agrícola, a exposição a agrotóxicos pode ocorrer pela proximidade das residências às áre-as de cultivo, ou através de sua impregnação na roupa de trabalho de familiares exercendo atividade ocupacional direta na lavoura. Cabe ressaltar, entretanto, que as evidências fornecidas pelos estudos epidemiológicos já realizados ainda são insuficientes para estabelecer uma relação de causalidade entre exposição a agrotóxicos durante a gravidez e desfechos reprodutivos 5 .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Exposição a agrotóxicos e eventos adversos na gravidez no Sul do Brasil, 1996-2000

et al. 2012

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O Brasil é o primeiro mercado mundial consumidor de agrotóxicos. Evidências epidemiológicas apontam associação entre exposição materna a agrotóxicos e eventos adversos na gravidez. Realizou-se um estudo ecológico para investigar possíveis associações entre o consumo per capita de agrotóxicos por microrregiões e eventos adversos em nascidos vivos na Região Sul do Brasil no período 1996-2000. Dados foram obtidos junto ao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e ao Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS). Microrregiões foram agrupadas segundo quartis de consumo de agrotóxicos e foram calculadas razões de prevalência (RP). O teste qui-quadrado foi usado para calcular o valor de p de tendência lineal. Nas microrregiões de maior consumo de agrotóxicos nascimentos prematuros (< 22 semanas) e de índice de Apgar 1º e 5º minuto insatisfatório (< 8) apresentaram RP significativamente maiores, tanto em meninos como em meninas. Não foi observado um padrão similar em relação a baixo peso ao nascer. Estes achados sugerem a exposição intraútero a agrotóxicos como possível fator de risco para eventos adversos na gravidez, como parto prematuro e maturação inadequada.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Exposição a agrotóxicos e eventos adversos na gravidez no Sul do Brasil, 1996-2000

et al. 2012

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“…Nonetheless, pesticides remain one of the most common environmental exposures of concern cited in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes and have been the focus of recent reviews on the topic, which include weight of the evidence evaluations. [124][125][126] Among studies that are able to address specific types of pesticide exposures, there are more data focused on the organochlorine and OP insecticides or phenoxy or triazine herbicides. These represent the currently or historically (eg, organochlorine) most heavily used pesticides.…”

Section: Physical Developmental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Exposure in Children

Roberts¹,

Karr²,

Paulson³

et al. 2012

Pediatrics

252

106

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Pesticides are a collective term for a wide array of chemicals intended to kill unwanted insects, plants, molds, and rodents. Food, water, and treatment in the home, yard, and school are all potential sources of children’s exposure. Exposures to pesticides may be overt or subacute, and effects range from acute to chronic toxicity. In 2008, pesticides were the ninth most common substance reported to poison control centers, and approximately 45% of all reports of pesticide poisoning were for children. Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning are perhaps the most widely known acute poisoning syndromes, can be diagnosed by depressed red blood cell cholinesterase levels, and have available antidotal therapy. However, numerous other pesticides that may cause acute toxicity, such as pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides, also have specific toxic effects; recognition of these effects may help identify acute exposures. Evidence is increasingly emerging about chronic health implications from both acute and chronic exposure. A growing body of epidemiological evidence demonstrates associations between parental use of pesticides, particularly insecticides, with acute lymphocytic leukemia and brain tumors. Prenatal, household, and occupational exposures (maternal and paternal) appear to be the largest risks. Prospective cohort studies link early-life exposure to organophosphates and organochlorine pesticides (primarily DDT) with adverse effects on neurodevelopment and behavior. Among the findings associated with increased pesticide levels are poorer mental development by using the Bayley index and increased scores on measures assessing pervasive developmental disorder, inattention, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Related animal toxicology studies provide supportive biological plausibility for these findings. Additional data suggest that there may also be an association between parental pesticide use and adverse birth outcomes including physical birth defects, low birth weight, and fetal death, although the data are less robust than for cancer and neurodevelopmental effects. Children’s exposures to pesticides should be limited as much as possible.

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“…This higher rate of preterm birth in populations of African origin is not fully under-stood. A number of maternal or fetal characteristics have been reported to be associated with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth [4][5][6]. Disentangling the respective contributions of maternal, medical and sociodemographic risk factors in a population of African descent with same health care access as that available on the French mainland may therefore help to elucidate the mechanisms involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical and Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Preterm Birth in a French Caribbean Population of African Descent

Rouget

Lebreton

Kadhel

et al. 2012

Matern Child Health J

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There appears to be an incompressible high rate of preterm births among populations of African origin irrespective of their geographic location. The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors for preterm birth in a French Caribbean population of African descent, offered medical care comparable to that on the French mainland, but presenting a higher rate of preterm birth. The study was based on a birth cohort at maternity hospitals in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) including 911 singleton pregnancies enrolled during their third trimester check-up visits. Associations between risk factors and the risk of preterm delivery (spontaneous and induced) were assessed using a multivariate Cox model. In addition, prevalences of sociodemographic and medical factors in Guadeloupe were compared with those on the French mainland. 144 women (15.8 %) delivered preterm, medically induced in 52 %. Women delivering preterm were more often over 35 years old (37 %), single (54 %), and had higher prevalence of prior preterm birth (20 %), prior miscarriage (37 %), lupus (3 %), asthma (14 %), gestational hypertension (26 %), gestational diabetes (13 %) and urinary tract infection (24 %) than women with term births. In the whole cohort, these risk factors were also more frequent than in mainland France. Our results suggest highly prevalent medical risk factors for preterm births in Guadeloupe. This observation combined with specific social risk factors (older maternal age, single living) less frequent on the French mainland probably explains a large part of a higher prevalence of preterm births in this population despite similar medical provision.

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Environmental contaminants and pregnancy outcomes

Cited by 105 publications

References 45 publications

Exposição a agrotóxicos e eventos adversos na gravidez no Sul do Brasil, 1996-2000

Exposição a agrotóxicos e eventos adversos na gravidez no Sul do Brasil, 1996-2000

Pesticide Exposure in Children

Medical and Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Preterm Birth in a French Caribbean Population of African Descent

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