Environmental control of rice flowering time

Vicentini, Giulio; Biancucci, Marco; Mineri, Lorenzo; Chirivì, Daniele; Giaume, Francesca; Miao, Yiling; Kyozuka, Junko; Brambilla, Vittoria; Betti, Camilla; Fornara, Fabio

doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100610

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…Floral induction by SbFT10 and its reinforcement by SbFT8 (via SbEhd1) appears ancient, and its repression by SbGhd7 may impart permanent vegetative growth. Instead, OsGhd7 is believed to be a key component of the rice external coincidence model that explains the relationship between photoperiod and flowering time control (Vicentini et al, 2023). The mRNA and protein accumulation of OsGhd7 highly depends on photoperiod.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorghum SbGhd7 is a major regulator of floral transition and directly represses genes crucial for flowering activation

Tadesse,

Yee,

Wolabu

et al. 2024

New Phytologist

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Summary Molecular genetic understanding of flowering time regulation is crucial for sorghum development. GRAIN NUMBER, PLANT HEIGHT AND HEADING DATE 7 (SbGhd7) is one of the six classical loci conferring photoperiod sensitivity of sorghum flowering. However, its functions remain poorly studied. The molecular functions of SbGhd7 were characterized. The gene regulatory network controlled by SbGhd7 was constructed and validated. The biological roles of SbGhd7 and its major targets were studied. SbGhd7 overexpression (OE) completely prevented sorghum flowering. Additionally, we show that SbGhd7 is a major negative regulator of flowering, binding to the promoter motif TGAATG(A/T)(A/T/C) and repressing transcription of the major florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T 10 (SbFT10) and floral activators EARLY HEADING DATE (SbEhd1), FLAVIN‐BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F‐BOX1 (SbFKF1) and EARLY FLOWERING 3 (SbELF3). Reinforcing the direct effect of SbGhd7, SbEhd1 OE activated the promoters of three functional florigens (SbFT1, SbFT8 and SbFT10), dramatically accelerating flowering. Our studies demonstrate that SbGhd7 is a major repressor of sorghum flowering by directly and indirectly targeting genes for flowering activation. The mechanism appears ancient. Our study extends the current model of floral transition regulation in sorghum and provides a framework for a comprehensive understanding of sorghum photoperiod response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorghum SbGhd7 is a major regulator of floral transition and directly represses genes crucial for flowering activation

Tadesse,

Yee,

Wolabu

et al. 2024

New Phytologist

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“…Ehd1-mediated flowering regulation pathway has thought to be absent in Arabidopsis, although its homologs are found in Arabidopsis and other plants (Bar et al, 2008). It plays a central role in photoperiodmediated flowering in rice, which is recently extensively reviewed in Vicentini et al, 2023. Conversely, in LD conditions, Ehd1 expression is repressed by GRAIN NUMBER, PLANT HEIGHT AND HEADING DATE 7 (Ghd7), encoding a CCT-domain protein highly expressed in LD (Xue et al, 2008;Itoh et al, 2010). Despite lower expression levels of Hd3a and RFT1 in LD conditions compared to SD conditions, RFT1 has shown to be a major floral activator under LD conditions (Komiya et al, 2009).…”

Section: Ft Orthologs In Sdpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight from expression profiles of FT orthologs in plants: conserved photoperiodic transcriptional regulatory mechanisms

Lee,

Shim,

Kang

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Floral transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stages is precisely regulated by both environmental and endogenous signals. Among these signals, photoperiod is one of the most important environmental factors for onset of flowering. A florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis, has thought to be a major hub in the photoperiod-dependent flowering time regulation. Expression levels of FT likely correlates with potence of flowering. Under long days (LD), FT is mainly synthesized in leaves, and FT protein moves to shoot apical meristem (SAM) where it functions and in turns induces flowering. Recently, it has been reported that Arabidopsis grown under natural LD condition flowers earlier than that grown under laboratory LD condition, in which a red (R)/far-red (FR) ratio of light sources determines FT expression levels. Additionally, FT expression profile changes in response to combinatorial effects of FR light and photoperiod. FT orthologs exist in most of plants and functions are thought to be conserved. Although molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiodic transcriptional regulation of FT orthologs have been studied in several plants, such as rice, however, dynamics in expression profiles of FT orthologs have been less spotlighted. This review aims to revisit previously reported but overlooked expression information of FT orthologs from various plant species and classify these genes depending on the expression profiles. Plants, in general, could be classified into three groups depending on their photoperiodic flowering responses. Thus, we discuss relationship between photoperiodic responsiveness and expression of FT orthologs. Additionally, we also highlight the expression profiles of FT orthologs depending on their activities in flowering. Comparative analyses of diverse plant species will help to gain insight into molecular mechanisms for flowering in nature, and this can be utilized in the future for crop engineering to improve yield by controlling flowering time.

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“…Adjusting the flowering time during breeding can enhance the adaptability of the crop to diverse environments (Kim et al 2008). Vicentini et al (2023) Ma wee has the potential for high yield, as documented by Team of NRC 12-129 (2015b). Developing improved Ma wee varieties with shorter duration, reduced plant height and higher yield while retaining the genetic background for resilience to environmental stresses and nutritional and therapeutic properties is an important breeding objective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlation of plant height and crop age with yield potential in Sri Lankan traditional rice accessions of <em>Ma wee</em>: a comparative study in Kamburupitiya with selected new improved rice varieties

Jayasinghe,

Senanayake,

Rathnathunga

et al. 2023

Trop Agric Res & Ext

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Generating knowledge about agronomic and yield characters of Ma wee is important for breeding. Therefore, this experiment aimed to determine the selected agronomic characteristics and yield components in accessions 8541 and 8543 (Maha Ma wee) and 4561 (Ma wee samba) varieties in comparison to new improved rice varieties (NIVs) of Bg 38, Bg 300 and Bg 366. Rice varieties were grown in pots in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse with 5 replicates for two consecutive Maha seasons of 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 in ecological zone of WL2. Daily daytime temperature (DT) inside the greenhouse and daily photoperiod were recorded during the experimental period. Selected agronomic characteristics and yield components were measured. During 2021/2022, DT varied from 250C to 30.250C, while in 2022/23, DT varied from 27.50C to 330C. DT during 2022/2023 was significantly higher compared to that of 2021/2022. Days to fifth leaf (DFL), plant height at fifth leaf (HFL), plant height at flowering (HF), number of grains per first panicle (GPP) and effective tiller number at harvest (ETH) varied from 24.00±.40 to 30.4±32, 40.00±1.14 to 60.90±2.75, 95.80±.96 to 235.6±11 and 2.00±.31 to 3.80±.37 during 2021/22 while variations were from 27.00±.70 to 32.60±.40, 39.20±.97 to 73.25±1.60, 81.75±4.11 to 239.00±2.91, 135.25±4.87 to 225.80±3.54 and 2.20±.20 to 3.60±.24 respectively during 2022/2023. DFL was influenced by the season, with significantly higher DFL during the 2022/2023 season having significantly higher DT. In 2021/2022, DFL, HFL, DF, HF and GPP were significantly higher in Ma wee accessions in contrast to those of NIVs. Except for Bg 38, which is bred with a traditional rice ancestor, NIVs produced significantly lesser GPP in contrast to Ma wee accessions. Although Bg 38 had the highest DF (145±1.15), and produced a higher GPP (213.5±9.97), HF (87.8±1.06) was significantly lower than that of Ma wee. Strong correlations were observed for DFL and DF (0.571), DFL and ETH (0.414), DF and GPP (0.599) and, HF and GPP (0.855). Our results suggest that the challenge of incorporating Ma wee accessions into breeding programmes for increased yield with an ideal plant structure must overcome the coincidence of high GPP with tall PH and the extended DF efficiently through molecular breeding strategies.

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Environmental control of rice flowering time

Cited by 27 publications

References 171 publications

Sorghum SbGhd7 is a major regulator of floral transition and directly represses genes crucial for flowering activation

Sorghum SbGhd7 is a major regulator of floral transition and directly represses genes crucial for flowering activation

Insight from expression profiles of FT orthologs in plants: conserved photoperiodic transcriptional regulatory mechanisms

Correlation of plant height and crop age with yield potential in Sri Lankan traditional rice accessions of <em>Ma wee</em>: a comparative study in Kamburupitiya with selected new improved rice varieties

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