“…The first relies on cross-country panel data analysis (see, for instance, (Arouri et al, 2012;Jaunky, 2011;Narayan and Narayan, 2010;Narayan et al, 2016;Richmond and Kaufmann, 2006;Tsurumi and Managi, 2010a;Yang et al, 2015), whereas the other one relies on a single region time-series analysis (see, for instance, (Al-Mulali et al, 2015;Bölük and Mert, 2015;Iwata et al, 2010;Saboori and Sulaiman, 2013;Saboori et al, 2012a;Saboori et al, 2012b;Tutulmaz, 2015). In addition to the aforementioned methods, Halkos and Tsionas (2001) propose a cross-sectional data analysis by using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to empirically find the existence of EKC by using switching regime models.…”