Environmental, dietary, demographic, and activity variables associated with biomarkers of exposure for benzene and lead

Roy, Amit; Georgopoulos, Panos G.; Ouyang, Mingxing; Freeman, Natalie; Lioy, Paul J.

doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500296

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The time required for BPb to decline to < 10 µg dL −1 in non-chelated children having BPb levels between 25–29 µg dL −1 was about 2 years and was linearly related to the BPb peak /16/. In a study of the environmental, dietary, demographic, and activity variables associated with biomarkers of exposure for lead, BPb was found to be associated with: (a) housedust concentrations of lead; (b) the duration of time spent working in a closed workshop; and (c) the year in which the subject moved into the residence /20/. An important weakness of BPb is its poor response to changes in exposure at high levels /21/.…”

Section: Biomarkers/biological Monitoring Of Lead Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review

Sanders

Liu²,

Buchner³

et al. 2009

Reviews on Environmental Health

766

432

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Biological monitoring techniques are useful for risk assessment of toxic agents in the field of environmental health. Lead, a systemic toxicant affecting virtually every organ system, primarily affects the central nervous system, particularly the developing brain. Consequently, children are at a greater risk than adults of suffering from the neurotoxic effects of lead. The ability of lead to pass through the blood-brain barrier is due in large part to its ability to substitute for calcium ions. Within the brain, lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, such as brain damage, mental retardation, behavioral problems, nerve damage, and possibly Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia. At the molecular level, lead interferes with the regulatory action of calcium on cell functions and disrupts many intracellular biological activities. Experimental studies have also shown that lead exposure may have genotoxic effects, especially in the brain, bone marrow, liver, and lung cells. This paper presents an overview of biomarkers of lead exposure and discusses the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children, adults, and experimental animals, updated to January 2009.

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Section: Biomarkers/biological Monitoring Of Lead Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review

Sanders

Liu²,

Buchner³

et al. 2009

Reviews on Environmental Health

766

432

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the modeling results of arsenic air exposure concentrations for the three counties were compared with the corresponding 1996 NATA calculations, while the multimedia/multipathway arsenic exposure estimates for one of the case studies (Franklin County, OH) were compared with the results of a nationalscale modeling study reported by Meacher et al (2002). To evaluate the intake/uptake estimates, the calculated biomarker (total arsenic in urine samples) levels for Franklin County, OH were compared with those measured in NHEXAS-V. An independent "pattern recognition" Classification and Regression Tree (CART) (Roy et al, 2003) analysis of the NHEXAS-V study data on arsenic was also performed. The results of this analysis are presented in Figure 5 and corroborate independently the outcome of the MENTOR-based modeling analysis regarding the dominance of the food intake pathway.…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically based modeling of multimedia, multipathway, multiroute population exposures to arsenic

Georgopoulos

Wang

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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This article presents an integrated, biologically based, source-to-dose assessment framework for modeling multimedia/multipathway/multiroute exposures to arsenic. Case studies demonstrating this framework are presented for three US counties (Hunderton County, NJ; Pima County, AZ; and Franklin County, OH), representing substantially different conditions of exposure. The approach taken utilizes the Modeling ENvironment for TOtal Risk studies (MENTOR) in an implementation that incorporates and extends the approach pioneered by Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS), in conjunction with a number of available databases, including NATA, NHEXAS, CSFII, and CHAD, and extends modeling techniques that have been developed in recent years. Model results indicate that, in most cases, the food intake pathway is the dominant contributor to total exposure and dose to arsenic. Model predictions are evaluated qualitatively by comparing distributions of predicted total arsenic amounts in urine with those derived using biomarker measurements from the NHEXAS -Region V study: the population distributions of urinary total arsenic levels calculated through MENTOR and from the NHEXAS measurements are in general qualitative agreement. Observed differences are due to various factors, such as interindividual variation in arsenic metabolism in humans, that are not fully accounted for in the current model implementation but can be incorporated in the future, in the open framework of MENTOR. The present study demonstrates that integrated source-to-dose modeling for arsenic can not only provide estimates of the relative contributions of multipathway exposure routes to the total exposure estimates, but can also estimate internal target tissue doses for speciated organic and inorganic arsenic, which can eventually be used to improve evaluation of health risks associated with exposures to arsenic from multiple sources, routes, and pathways.

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“…These data can be used as inputs to exposure models to understand the significance of human activities and behaviors on contact and estimate distributions of exposure. GPS data are coupled with personal monitoring, microenvironmental monitoring, and activity-pattern data (Duan 1991; Georgopoulos et al 2006; Glen et al 2008; Isakov et al 2007; McKone 1991; Price and Chaisson 2005; Roy et al 2003; U.S. EPA 1992; van Wendel de Joode et al 2005).…”

Section: Perspective On Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Science: A View of the Past and Milestones for the Future

Lioy

2010

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundThe study of human exposure to environmental toxicants has evolved as a scientific field over the past 30 years.ObjectivesThis review provides a historical perspective on the growth of exposure science as a field, with some emphasis on the results from initial observational studies in obtaining information needed for generating hypotheses on significant human contact with environmental agents, testing the performance of models, and reducing exposures to protect public health.DiscussionAdvances in activity pattern and behavioral research that established a suite of variables needed to accurately define contact and factors that influence contact are also discussed. The identification and characterization of these factors have played a pivotal role in the growth of the field and in developing exposure reduction strategies. Answers to two key questions on the relevance and fundamental value of exposure science to the fields of environmental health and risk management are presented as a path forward: a) What does one do with such exposure information? b) What roles does exposure science play in situations beyond observational analyses and interpretation?ConclusionsThe discussion identifies the need for more focused use of observational studies of exposure for epidemiologic analyses. Further, the introduction and use of new tools and approaches for hypothesis testing that can improve the use of exposure science in prevention research for risk management is needed to affect the source-to-effect continuum. A major restructuring of the field is not required to achieve innovation. However, additional resources for training and education are required to ensure that the potential for exposure science to play a central role in reducing and preventing excess risk within environmental/occupational health is achieved.

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Environmental, dietary, demographic, and activity variables associated with biomarkers of exposure for benzene and lead

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review

Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review

Biologically based modeling of multimedia, multipathway, multiroute population exposures to arsenic

Exposure Science: A View of the Past and Milestones for the Future

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