Environmental diplomacy in South Asia: Considering the environmental security, conflict and development nexus

Hassan, Mabroor; Afridi, Manzoor Khan; Khan, Muhammad Irfan

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.04.003

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Over one-quarter of the reviewed studies (N ¼ 26) examined a broad range of governance issues and were, accordingly, placed under the 'others' category. For example, some scholars (Hussain & Sabri, 2014;Victor & Agamuthu, 2014;Hassan et al, 2015Hassan et al, , 2017 studied the environmental governance challenges, such as environmental or ecological flows and ecosystems maintenance in Pakistan. Many publications (FODP-WSTF, 2012;Bisht, 2013;Mustafa et al, 2013;UNDP, 2017;Young et al, 2019) comprehensively analysed the water sector with a particular focus on climate change challenge, its implications, and adaptation strategies for better climate-water governance in Pakistan.…”

Section: Corrected Proofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, most of these studies (for example Gazdar (2005), Zawahri (2009), Mustafa (2010) and LEAD (2018)) examined the transboundary, regional cooperation, and legal aspects of governance for ensuing hydro-politics and water cooperation between India and Pakistan. On the regional scale, some researchers (Hassan et al, 2017;Molden et al, 2017) underlined the significance of environmental and water diplomacy for regional prosperity. At the sub-national level, few publications (Akhter, 2015;Mustafa et al, 2017) highlighted the political implications of distrusted governance systems among the provinces regarding water distribution, usages, and infrastructure operation.…”

Section: Major Climate-water Governance Elements and Enabling Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate-water governance: a systematic analysis of the water sector resilience and adaptation to combat climate change in Pakistan

2020

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Climate change and water security have become the most challenging global issues of this era, especially for developing countries like Pakistan. Amid many hindrances, poor governance has been identified as one of the most pressing reasons for ineffective action to tackle multifaceted and integrative climate-water issues in Pakistan. This article, therefore, applied a systematic literature review methodology to examine the current climate-water governance archetype, including key areas, major elements, critical gaps, and potential strategy in Pakistan. This study found that key climate-water governance areas in Pakistan are: river basin and watershed management, agriculture and irrigation management, urban and domestic water issues, floods, droughts and disaster management, groundwater management, and transboundary management. Moreover, it is revealed that the major governance elements are political commitment and leadership, policy formulation and regulation, institutional capacity and coordination, stakeholder engagement, and resource management, technology, and infrastructure development. The article also discusses how Pakistan has not effectively employed most of the identified governance elements to tackle its climate-water problems, lacking mostly in political, policy, institutional, coordination, and infrastructure aspects. In conclusion, a four-dimensional governance strategy, encompassing leadership, policy, institutions, and stakeholders is proposed to improve water sector resilience and adaptation to combat climate change in Pakistan.

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Section: Corrected Proofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Major Climate-water Governance Elements and Enabling Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-water governance: a systematic analysis of the water sector resilience and adaptation to combat climate change in Pakistan

2020

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“…Unluckily, South Asia is acknowledged as a region of eminent water conflicts between upper and lower riparian zones. Water disputes on Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (Bangladesh, India, and Nepal), the Indus River (India and Pakistan), and the Kabul River (Afghanistan and Pakistan) have threatened development, peace, water, and environmental security (Uprety & Salman, 2011;Hassan et al, 2017). Interestingly, all regional conflicts are relevant to water storage, rights, and hydropower development.…”

Section: Technical Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, conflict on the Kabul River between Afghanistan and Pakistan is leading to tension and mistrust. The paradigm of conflict, water, and environmental security in South Asia postulates cooperation, understanding of benefits and diplomatic negotiation to decree with international water law, ensure equity, development, and environmental security (Hassan et al, 2017). The 'common environment of South Asia' is at a risk due to water scarcity and climate change, which have the potential to cause environmental crises and threats to human rights and sustainability.…”

Section: Water Security and Environmental Diplomacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Water security and environmental security in a national and regional context: envisioning environmental diplomacy for cooperation

2019

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Water insecurity anticipates the ample threat to livelihood, economy, development, environment, peace, security, and poverty reduction efforts in South Asia. This study has attempted the analysis of accords, treaties, and water policies in the region to assess the relationship of water security, environmental security, and conflict in a national (Pakistan) and regional (South Asia) context using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Twenty-four technical, economic, social, environmental, and political criteria have been selected to present the relationship logically in terms of obligations of international water laws. The results express various gaps in the selected criteria which were the probable cause of environmental damage, conflicts, and mistrust. Moreover, environmental diplomacy has been endorsed as a tool for dispute settlement due to its non-aggressive and flexible characteristics. Dispute settlement and cooperation on shared water resources can foster sustainable development, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability.

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“…In contrast to a relative lack of actual ambiguity about humans versus natural causes of current climate change, there is some scientific ambiguity about the degree to which any specific problem can be attributable to climate change. Ambiguity is a result of long-ranging, distal, and multidetermined causes of impacts associated with climate change, such as conflict over depleted water supplies due to droughts or long histories of regional disputes (Hassan, Afridi, & Khan, 2017). Relatedly, climate change impacts may be ambiguous when they compound or exacerbate threats that would have happened naturally (Werrel & Femia, 2015), such as growing global temperatures being only one of several factors that impact the frequency and severity of hurricanes.…”

Section: Deciding On An Answermentioning

confidence: 99%

The intergroup foundations of climate change justice

Swim

Bloodhart

2018

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Climate change is a global problem that is caused by humans and must be solved by humans, and while differences exist, many theories and research on prejudice and discrimination have direct connections to the psychological processes involved in climate change. Climate change is not only a geophysical issue, but an intergroup issue with justice implications. It impacts people who are most vulnerable to environmental degradation as well as social injustices. Arguably it not only violates human rights but also the rights of animals and nature. Thus, the study of group processes and intergroup relations is critical to understanding the myriad of barriers to addressing this large-scale problem. We explore influences on cognitive steps in perceiving climate change as a justice issue, using social psychology to understand minimization of harms and responsibilities for addressing climate change, and draw from the prejudice and discrimination literature to find ways of moving forward.

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Environmental diplomacy in South Asia: Considering the environmental security, conflict and development nexus

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Climate-water governance: a systematic analysis of the water sector resilience and adaptation to combat climate change in Pakistan

Climate-water governance: a systematic analysis of the water sector resilience and adaptation to combat climate change in Pakistan

Water security and environmental security in a national and regional context: envisioning environmental diplomacy for cooperation

The intergroup foundations of climate change justice

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