With the changes of the times, China has made remarkable achievements in economic, political, social, cultural, and education can improve the comprehensive quality of the people, enhancing the country’s comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness effect. China has importance to education, and in recent years has increased its investment in education. Higher education undertakes important functions such as cultivating talents, scientific research, and serving the society. It is an indispensable part of the education system, and these are closely related to the teaching staff of colleges. The development of quality education is an inevitable choice to promote it, an important way to implement it with morality, and promoting it of national governance capabilities. At present, there are four major problems in quality education in colleges: the marginalization of status, fuzzy goals, segmentation of content, and isolation of development paths. It is important to study and explore new ideas and strategies for promoting quality education. Nowadays, colleges are no longer the “ivory towers” of the past, and the construction of college teachers has also undergone many changes compared with the past. The topics and discussions about college teachers are increasing day by day, and the problems and confusion exposed to them have also aroused the attention of the society. Young teachers are the fresh blood of college teachers and the future of our country. It is particularly meaningful to study and understand the current professional development of these groups. The research object is the young teachers in colleges. Through the literature research method, it analyzes the status of the professional quality education in colleges, understands the problems existing in their professional development, analyzes the reasons, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. It helps for the career development of the whole group of young teachers in colleges in order to improve the current situation, seek better development for young teachers in colleges, and also provide a reference for promoting quality education in colleges.