Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Barnes, Paul W.; Robson, T. Matthew; Neale, Patrick J.; Williamson, Craig E.; Zepp, Richard G.; Madronich, S.; Wilson, Stephen R.; Andrady, Anthony L.; Heikkilä, Anu; Bernhard, Germar; Bais, A. F.; Neale, Rachel E.; Bornman, Janet F.; Jansen, Marcel A. K.; Klekociuk, Andrew; Robinson, Sharon A.; Wang, Qing Wei; Banaszak, Anastazia T.; Häder, D.-P.; Hylander, Samuel; Rose, Kevin C.; Wängberg, Sten-Åke; Foereid, Bente; Hou, Wen Che; Ossola, Rachele; Paul, Nigel D.; Ukpebor, J. E.; Andersen, Mads Peter; Longstreth, Janice; Schikowski, Tamara; Solomon, Keith R.; Sulzberger, Barbara; Bruckman, Laura S.; Pandey, Krishna K.; White, Christopher C.; Zhu, Liping; Zhu, Meifang; Aucamp, Pieter J.; Liley, Ben; McKenzie, R. L.; Berwick, Marianne; Byrne, Scott N.; Hollestein, Loes; Lucas, Robyn; Olsen, Catherine M.; Rhodes, Lesley E.; Yazar, Seyhan; Young, Antony R.

doi:10.1007/s43630-022-00176-5

Cited by 64 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 230 publications

(294 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…28-29, 62, 124-125). 6 For the complex relationships between UV radiation, ozone depletion and environmental factors related to climate change see (Barnes et al, 2022). 7 Derrida maintains that the human is a contingent articulation in the history of the grammè, which is nothing but the history of life, starting with 'genetic inscription' (Derrida, 1997, pp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting <em>Genesis</em>: Living as Misspelling

Băcăran¹

2023

humanidades

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper revisits the online documentation of Eduardo Kac’s work Genesis (1999) in order to address the problematic of embodiment as it emerges in the process of specta(c)torship afforded by this work. The central piece of Genesis consisted in a genetically modified bacteria which incorporated an artist-designed synthetic gene created by translating into DNA base pairs a sentence from the biblical book of Genesis. The reading that I propose problematizes the meaning of the human body in view of the complex entanglement of living and technological systems that appears in this work. Relying on elements from the archival theory formulated by Jacques Derrida, this paper reads Genesis as an attempt to playfully undo the origin (the human master of nature, and the associated duality between culture and nature) form inside the very history that this origin grounds, by folding into one another the cultural archive of the written biblical fragment, the technological archive that makes the work possible, and the DNA as an archive of chemical sequences that constitutes the fundament of life. The article also raises the question of how to address environmental crisis from a perspective that does not rely on the figure of the human and on the nature/culture divide.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting <em>Genesis</em>: Living as Misspelling

Băcăran¹

2023

humanidades

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The impact of stratospheric ozone depletion on polar ecosystems is a complex interplay between the consequences of changing surface UV radiation, and effects caused by shifts in the weather and climate due to the associated cooling of the lower stratosphere [ 12 , 29 , 34 ]. The increased UV irradiance in the polar regions as a direct result of ozone depletion has been documented since the late 1970s (ozone hole era) [ 8 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion On Climate and Extr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this Quadrennial Assessment, we evaluate the current state of the science on the changes in stratospheric ozone, solar UV radiation and their interactions with climate change as they affect terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the context of the Montreal Protocol [ 29 ]. We also address key gaps in knowledge and how these interacting effects and the Montreal Protocol will have a bearing on the targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of changes in UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and feedbacks to the climate system

Barnes

Robson

Zepp

et al. 2023

Photochem Photobiol Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Terrestrial organisms and ecosystems are being exposed to new and rapidly changing combinations of solar UV radiation and other environmental factors because of ongoing changes in stratospheric ozone and climate. In this Quadrennial Assessment, we examine the interactive effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the context of the Montreal Protocol. We specifically assess effects on terrestrial organisms, agriculture and food supply, biodiversity, ecosystem services and feedbacks to the climate system. Emphasis is placed on the role of extreme climate events in altering the exposure to UV radiation of organisms and ecosystems and the potential effects on biodiversity. We also address the responses of plants to increased temporal variability in solar UV radiation, the interactive effects of UV radiation and other climate change factors (e.g. drought, temperature) on crops, and the role of UV radiation in driving the breakdown of organic matter from dead plant material (i.e. litter) and biocides (pesticides and herbicides). Our assessment indicates that UV radiation and climate interact in various ways to affect the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and that by protecting the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol continues to play a vital role in maintaining healthy, diverse ecosystems on land that sustain life on Earth. Furthermore, the Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment are mitigating some of the negative environmental consequences of climate change by limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting the carbon sequestration potential of vegetation and the terrestrial carbon pool. Graphical abstract

show abstract

“…It is difficult to compare trends in incidence of melanoma based on reports from the published literature due to the use of different populations for standardising age, as has been noted in the Panel’s annual assessments 2019–2021 [ 79 – 81 ]. We, therefore, extracted population-based registry statistics for six high-risk populations with data available for the period 1982–2016 (namely Australia, United States Whites, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom) from the Global Cancer Observatory (age standardised to the World Standard Population) [ 82 ].…”

Section: Harms Of Exposure To Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health

Neale

Lucas

Byrne

et al. 2023

Photochem Photobiol Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) evaluates the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human health within the context of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments. We assess work published since our last comprehensive assessment in 2018. Over the last four years gains have been made in knowledge of the links between sun exposure and health outcomes, mechanisms, and estimates of disease burden, including economic impacts. Of particular note, there is new information about the way in which exposure to UV radiation modulates the immune system, causing both harms and benefits for health. The burden of skin cancer remains high, with many lives lost to melanoma and many more people treated for keratinocyte cancer, but it has been estimated that the Montreal Protocol will prevent 11 million cases of melanoma and 432 million cases of keratinocyte cancer that would otherwise have occurred in the United States in people born between 1890 and 2100. While the incidence of skin cancer continues to rise, rates have stabilised in younger populations in some countries. Mortality has also plateaued, partly due to the use of systemic therapies for advanced disease. However, these therapies are very expensive, contributing to the extremely high economic burden of skin cancer, and emphasising the importance and comparative cost-effectiveness of prevention. Photodermatoses, inflammatory skin conditions induced by exposure to UV radiation, can have a marked detrimental impact on the quality of life of sufferers. More information is emerging about their potential link with commonly used drugs, particularly anti-hypertensives. The eyes are also harmed by over-exposure to UV radiation. The incidence of cataract and pterygium is continuing to rise, and there is now evidence of a link between intraocular melanoma and sun exposure. It has been estimated that the Montreal Protocol will prevent 63 million cases of cataract that would otherwise have occurred in the United States in people born between 1890 and 2100. Despite the clearly established harms, exposure to UV radiation also has benefits for human health. While the best recognised benefit is production of vitamin D, beneficial effects mediated by factors other than vitamin D are emerging. For both sun exposure and vitamin D, there is increasingly convincing evidence of a positive role in diseases related to immune function, including both autoimmune diseases and infection. With its influence on the intensity of UV radiation and global warming, the Montreal Protocol has, and will have, both direct and indirect effects on human health, potentially changing the balance of the risks and benefits of spending time outdoors. Graphical abstract

show abstract

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Cited by 64 publications

References 230 publications

Revisiting <em>Genesis</em>: Living as Misspelling

Revisiting <em>Genesis</em>: Living as Misspelling

Interactive effects of changes in UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and feedbacks to the climate system

The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About