Environmental Ethics of Health Mission To Enugu Nigeria

Uzochukwu, G. A.; Uzochukwu, Mary E.; Odo, Ethelbert

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-88483-7_20

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In the US alone, there are approximately 100,000 different sites that have benzene soil or groundwater contamination [1]. Benzene and substituted benzene exposure to humans are widely studied in terms of biochemical markers and molecular toxicology [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and joint toxicity of twelve substituted benzene compounds to Propsilocerus akamusi Tokunaga

Cao

Niu

et al. 2014

Open Life Sciences

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This study investigated the toxic effects of 12 substituted benzenes exposed to Propsilocerus akamusi larvae singly and as mixtures. Their toxicities were quantified in terms of median effective concentration (EC50) killing 50% of the larvae. For individual substituted benzenes to 4th-instar P. akamusi larvae, the toxicity was in decreasing order of p-chlorophenol > nitrobenzene > phenol > 1,2-dimethylbenzene > 1,3-dimethylbenzene > chlorobenzene > p-phenylenediamine > 1,4-dimethylbenzene > m-phenylenediamine > methylbenzene > benzene > aniline. The order of toxicity among three isomers of dimethylbenzene was 1,2-dimethylbenzene > 1,3-dimethylbenzene > 1,4-dimethylbenzene while p-phenylenediamine > m-phenylenediamine. The binary substituted benzene compounds’ toxicities were evaluated by toxic unit (TU), additive index (AI), mixture toxicity index (MTI) and similarity parameter index (λ). The evaluation results of TU and MTI for 9 substituted benzene compounds were completely consistent while the results of AI were the same as the results of λ based on 24 h EC50 of binary substituted benzenes. The evaluation results of 10 substituted benzene compounds were consistent using TU, MTI, AI and λ evaluation methods. 52.63% and 47.37% of binary substituted benzene tests on P. akamusi larvae showed synergism and partial addition/antagonism, respectively, under mixtures of equal proportions. These results suggest that substituted benzenes indicate acute and binary joint toxicity to P. akamusi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and joint toxicity of twelve substituted benzene compounds to Propsilocerus akamusi Tokunaga

Cao

Niu

et al. 2014

Open Life Sciences

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“…The identification of phenol and tannin was carried out using ferric chlorid e test [31][32][33][34]. The solvent-free extracts were diluted in 5 mL distilled water and then a few drops of 5 %-w/v ferric chloride solution were added.…”

Section: Phenol and Tannin Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaline reagent test was used to identify the flavonoid [31][32][33][34]. A few drops of 2 M sodium hydroxide solution were added to the solvent free extracts.…”

Section: Flavonoid Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pretreatment and Optimization Studies on the Extraction of Antioxidant Components From Phaleria Macrocarpa Fruit

Yayah

Hudaya

Prasetyo

et al. 2015

AEJ

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Phaleria macrocarpa, one of many indigenous Indonesian plants, possesses potent antioxidant activity and hence may serve as natural food preservative, cosmetic ingredients, as well as food supplement. This study is the second stage of a three-year project to isolate antioxidant components in Phaleria macrocarpa for natural preservative application. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of pretreatment process on the oleoresin and bioactive content, and to optimize three parameters in the extraction process, i.e. ethanol concentration, F/S ratio, and temperature. The selected pretreatment method was solid-liquid extraction using a non-polar solvent (n-hexane) and a semi polar solvent (ethyl acetate). The pretreatment process produced less sticky oleoresin, especially with n-hexane, due to significant removal of tannin, and had only a little effect (less than 4%) on the antioxidant activity and flavonoid content. However, the pretreatment indeed reduced the yield of oleoresin by around 10%. Three important parameters of the extraction process were optimized using Central Composite Experimental Design by varying operation temperature from 27.5 °C to 64.5 °C, F/S ratio from 1 : 11.5 g/mL to 1 : 53.5 g/mL, and ethanol concentration from 14 %-v/v to 93 %-v/v. The response surface analysis showed a maximum point at ethanol concentration of 30 %-v/v, F/S ratio of 1 : 45 g/mL, and temperature at 57 ºC which gave the oleoresin yield of 1.00 g oleoresin/g dry feed and antioxidant activities of 2.99 μmol DPPH/mg oleoresin.

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“…The government is mainly responsible for the public health sector, providing healthcare services at three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary. However, there are also actors in the private health sector, such as for-profit and not-for-profit organisations and informal healthcare providers, who also make remarkable contributions to the health sector 4. Although primary health facilities constitute 88% of healthcare facilities in the country,5 only 60% of Nigerians can access primary healthcare (PHC) services,3 which are mainly provided by the private sector 6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to build bridges for Universal Health Coverage in Nigeria by linking formal and informal health providers

Christian,

Keshinro

et al. 2023

BMJ Glob Health

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Environmental Ethics of Health Mission To Enugu Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Acute and joint toxicity of twelve substituted benzene compounds to Propsilocerus akamusi Tokunaga

Acute and joint toxicity of twelve substituted benzene compounds to Propsilocerus akamusi Tokunaga

Pretreatment and Optimization Studies on the Extraction of Antioxidant Components From Phaleria Macrocarpa Fruit

How to build bridges for Universal Health Coverage in Nigeria by linking formal and informal health providers

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