Environmental exposure of arsenic and fluoride and their combined toxicity: A recent update

Mondal, Paritosh; Chattopadhyay, Ansuman

doi:10.1002/jat.3931

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Note that the reduced form of glutathione is a key endogenous antioxidant that participates in scavenging of ROS [ 2 ]. Production of ROS due to the interconversions between pentavalent and trivalent forms during methylation process and conjugation of arsenic with glutathione for renal excretion is known to deplete GSH [ 54 ]. This study sought to determine the ability of CoQ 10 and DMSA to protect from arsenite-driven GSH depletion and induction of oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coenzyme Q10 protected against arsenite and enhanced the capacity of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid to ameliorate arsenite-induced toxicity in mice

Mwaeni

Nyariki

Jillani

et al. 2021

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

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Background Arsenic poisoning affects millions of people. The inorganic forms of arsenic are more toxic. Treatment for arsenic poisoning relies on chelation of extracellularly circulating arsenic molecules by 2,3-dimecaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). As a pharmacological intervention, DMSA is unable to chelate arsenic molecules from intracellular spaces. The consequence is continued toxicity and cell damage in the presence of DMSA. A two-pronged approach that removes extracellular arsenic, while protecting from the intracellular arsenic would provide a better pharmacotherapeutic outcome. In this study, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which has been shown to protect from intracellular organic arsenic, was administered separately or with DMSA; following oral exposure to sodium meta-arsenite (NaAsO2) – a very toxic trivalent form of inorganic arsenic. The aim was to determine if CoQ10 alone or when co-administered with DMSA would nullify arsenite-induced toxicity in mice. Methods Group one represented the control; the second group was treated with NaAsO2 (15 mg/kg) daily for 30 days, the third, fourth and fifth groups of mice were given NaAsO2 and treated with 200 mg/kg CoQ10 (30 days) and 50 mg/kg DMSA (5 days) either alone or in combination. Results Administration of CoQ10 and DMSA resulted in protection from arsenic-induced suppression of RBCs, haematocrit and hemoglobin levels. CoQ10 and DMSA protected from arsenic-induced alteration of WBCs, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and platelets. Arsenite-induced dyslipidemia was nullified by administration of CoQ10 alone or in combination with DMSA. Arsenite induced a drastic depletion of the liver and brain GSH; that was significantly blocked by CoQ10 and DMSA alone or in combination. Exposure to arsenite resulted in significant elevation of liver and kidney damage markers. The histological analysis of respective organs confirmed arsenic-induced organ damage, which was ameliorated by CoQ10 alone or when co-administered with DMSA. When administered alone, DMSA did not prevent arsenic-driven tissue damage. Conclusions Findings from this study demonstrate that CoQ10 and DMSA separately or in a combination, significantly protect against arsenic-driven toxicity in mice. It is evident that with further pre-clinical and clinical studies, an adjunct therapy that incorporates CoQ10 alongside DMSA may find applications in nullifying arsenic-driven toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coenzyme Q10 protected against arsenite and enhanced the capacity of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid to ameliorate arsenite-induced toxicity in mice

Mwaeni

Nyariki

Jillani

et al. 2021

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

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“…Endemic arsenicosis, referred to as ground arsenicosis, is a biogeochemical disease that seriously endangers human health and can be divided into drinking water-type arsenicosis and coal-burning-type arsenicosis (Mondal and Chattopadhyay, 2020). Arsenic accumulates in the body, causing not only skin lesions and peripheral nervous system damage but also damage to some organs and tissues (Wang et al, 2019; Yao et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone demethylase JHDM2A participates in the repair of arsenic-induced DNA damage in L-02 cells by regulating DDB2

Zhang²,

et al. 2022

Toxicol Ind Health

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Arsenic is widely present in nature and is a class I carcinogen confirmed by the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The liver is responsible for biotransformation in the body and is one of the major organs where arsenic accumulates in the body, but the mechanisms of arsenic-induced abnormal DNA damage repair pathways in the liver are still unclear. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in arsenic-induced lesions. In this study, an in vitro model was established using human normal hepatocytes L-02 to investigate the mechanism of the specific demethylase JHDM2A of H3K9me2 in the repair of arsenic-induced DNA damage in L-02 cells. The results showed that with the increase of arsenic concentrations, the extent of DNA damage in L-02 cells showed an increasing trend and total intracellular H3K9me2 expression was downregulated. In addition, the enrichment level of H3K9me2 in the promoter region of DBB2, a key factor of nucleotide repair (NBR), increased, while protein and mRNA expression levels showed a decreasing trend. Thereafter, we overexpressed and repressed JHDM2A and found a close association between JHDM2A and arsenic-induced DNA damage. DDB2 protein and mRNA expression was downregulated with JHDM2A overexpression and upregulated with JHDM2A repression, while DBB2 promoter region H3K9me2 enrichment levels remained at a high level, although they were affected after JHDM2A overexpression or knockdown to some extent. These results suggest a potential mechanism by which JHDM2A may regulate DDB2 gene expression, participate in the NBR process, and play a role in arsenic-induced DNA damage in L-02 cells, which is not the result of JHDM2A exerting demethylation on H3K9me2 in the DDB2 promoter region. Our results provided an epigenetic mechanism for endemic arsenicosis, as well as a scientific basis for potential prevention and control measures.

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“…Because of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed them as the most important inorganic pollutants in water (Lopez-Guzman et al 2019). In addition, studies have shown that arsenic and fluoride have combined toxicity to the human body (Mondal and Chattopadhyay 2020), and the combined effect of arsenic and fluoride also affects children's intelligence, growth and development (Wang et al 2006). However, arsenic and fluoride in water are usually accompanied (Kim et al 2012), especially in arid or semi-arid areas, the co-occurrence of fluoride and arsenic is common, such as Latin America (Alarcon-Herrera et al 2013) and Pakistan (Farooqi et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Distributions of Fluoride and Arsenic in Rivers with the Role of Mining Industry and Related Human Health Risk Assessments in Kyrgyzstan

Abuduwaili

et al. 2021

Expo Health

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To determine the spatiotemporal distributions of fluoride and arsenic in the rivers within the mining districts of Kyrgyzstan and health risks associated with the use of these rivers, a total of 169 water samples were collected from the main rivers and tributaries of Kyrgyzstan from 2016 to 2018. Through the cold and hot spot analysis, multivariate statistical analysis and health risk assessment model, the results indicated that the fluoride and arsenic concentrations in river waters increased year by year from 2016 to 2018. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water guidelines, 0%, 1.09% and 1.06% of the analyzed samples exceeded the limit for fluoride (1.5 mg/L), and 0%, 1.09% and 2.13% of the samples exceeded the limit for arsenic (10 µg/L) in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The gathering areas for high fluoride concentrations were mainly distributed in the Issyk-Kul Basin, Chu River Valley and Fergana Basin, while high arsenic concentrations were mainly observed in the Chu River Valley and southern Fergana Basin. Although fluoride and arsenic were not found to exceed the limits simultaneously, the two pollutants accumulated high values in the southern Fergana Basin in 2018, which indicated the risk of joint poisoning. From 2016 to 2018, arsenic concentrations in the river water of Kyrgyzstan created a high risk of carcinogenesis by the ingestion intake exposure route, which resulted in the total risk of health hazards to children and adults caused by fluoride and arsenic to exceed the maximum acceptable ranges. Therefore, the national environmental protection department in Kyrgyzstan should strengthen the dynamic monitoring of arsenic concentration in the rivers, and related scientific research institutions should conduct more in-depth research on the migration and transformation process of pollutants, the toxic mechanism, and even the substantive countermeasures in the future.

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Environmental exposure of arsenic and fluoride and their combined toxicity: A recent update

Cited by 41 publications

References 101 publications

Coenzyme Q10 protected against arsenite and enhanced the capacity of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid to ameliorate arsenite-induced toxicity in mice

Coenzyme Q10 protected against arsenite and enhanced the capacity of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid to ameliorate arsenite-induced toxicity in mice

Histone demethylase JHDM2A participates in the repair of arsenic-induced DNA damage in L-02 cells by regulating DDB2

Spatiotemporal Distributions of Fluoride and Arsenic in Rivers with the Role of Mining Industry and Related Human Health Risk Assessments in Kyrgyzstan

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