Environmental exposure to cadmium, forearm bone density, and risk of fractures: prospective population study

Staessen, Jan A.; Roels, Harry; Емельянов, Д. Н.; Кузнецова, Т. Н.; Thijs, Lutgarde; Vangronsveld, Jaco; Fagard, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)09356-8

Cited by 391 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The corresponding results for men were 1.20 (0.75-1.93) (Staessen et al 1999). Data from Sweden showed a doubling of the risk for osteoporosis for urinary Cd levels of 0.5-3 lg Cd/g creatinine (middle tertile) compared with the lowest tertile (\0.5 lg Cd/g) (Alfvén et al 2000).…”

Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Studies among populations from Belgium (Staessen et al 1999;Schutte et al 2008b), Sweden (Järup et al 1998a;Alfvén et al 2000;Å kesson et al 2006), Japan and China Jin et al 2004;Wang et al 2003) showed associations between osteoporosis and low-level environmental Cd exposure. The generally accepted interpretation has been that Cd-induced renal tubular damage (Staessen et al 1994) decreases the calcium reabsorption in the nephron, resulting in hypercalciuria and decreased bone mineral density, and hence increased fracture risk (Järup et al 1998c;Staessen et al 1994) particularly in postmenopausal women (Schutte et al 2008b;Staessen et al 1999) or men in the older age group . However, a recent study also found a dose-response association between odds of osteoporosis in young men (mean age 45) and urinary Cd .…”

Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypercalciuria should be considered an early tubulotoxic effect, because it may exacerbate the development of osteoporosis, especially in the elderly. Some years later, mineral density and fracture incidence were assessed in 506 participants of the initial population cohort (Staessen et al 1999). Biometals (2010) 23:769-782 771 Jin et al (2004) General population (n…”

Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cadmium exposure in the population: from health risks to strategies of prevention

et al. 2010

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We focus on the recent evidence that elucidates our understanding about the effects of cadmium (Cd) on human health and their prevention. Recently, there has been substantial progress in the exploration of the shape of the Cd concentrationresponse function on osteoporosis and mortality. Environmental exposure to Cd increases total mortality in a continuous fashion without evidence of a threshold, independently of kidney function and other classical factors associated with mortality including age, gender, smoking and social economic status. Pooled hazard rates of two recent environmental population based cohort studies revealed that for each doubling of urinary Cd concentration, the relative risk for mortality increases with 17% (95% CI 4.2-33.1%; P \ 0.0001). Tubular kidney damage starts at urinary Cd concentrations ranging between 0.5 and 2 lg urinary Cd/g creatinine, and recent studies focusing on bone effects show increased risk of osteoporosis even at urinary Cd below 1 lg Cd/g creatinine. The non-smoking adult population has urinary Cd concentrations close to or higher than 0.5 lg Cd/g creatinine. To diminish the transfer of Cd from soil to plants for human consumption, the bioavailability of soil Cd for the plants should be reduced (external bioavailability) by maintaining agricultural and garden soils pH close to neutral (pH-H 2 O of 7.5; pH-KCL of 6.5). Reducing the systemic bioavailability of intestinal Cd can be best achieved by preserving a balanced iron status. The latter might especially be relevant in groups with a lower intake of iron, such as vegetarians, and women in reproductive phase of life. In exposed populations, house dust loaded with Cd is an additional relevant exposure route. In view of the insidious etiology of health effects associated with low dose exposure to Cd and the current European Cd intake which is close to the tolerable weekly intake, one should not underestimate the importance of the recent epidemiological evidence on Cd toxicity as to its medical and public health implications.

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Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cadmium exposure in the population: from health risks to strategies of prevention

et al. 2010

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“…This severe disease was characterized by renal and bone damage, with bone deformities and multiple fractures occurring as a consequence. (2) Recently, Cd has been associated with low bone mass of the forearm (3)(4)(5)(6) and the hip (7) at considerably lower exposure levels in some but far from all studies. (8)(9)(10)(11) Therefore, a possible role of Cd in the public health context of osteoporosis needs to be evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, studies on fracture risk are sparse and limited to populations living in the vicinity of cadmium-emitting industries. (4,12) Furthermore, it is not known whether the association is independent of tobacco smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term cadmium exposure and the association with bone mineral density and fractures in a population-based study among women

Engström

Michaëlsson

Suwazono

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

127

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All people are exposed to cadmium (Cd) via food; smokers are additionally exposed. High Cd exposure is associated with severe bone damage, but the public health impact in relation to osteoporosis and fractures at low environmental exposure remains to be clarified. Within the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, we assessed urinary Cd [U-Cd, mg/g of creatinine (cr)] as a marker of lifetime exposure and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among 2688 women. Register-based information on fractures was retrieved from 1997 to 2009. Associations were evaluated by multivariable regression analyses. In linear regression, U-Cd was inversely associated with BMD at the total body ( p < .001), femoral neck ( p ¼ .025), total hip ( p ¼ .004), lumbar spine ( p ¼ .088), and volumetric femoral neck ( p ¼ .013). In comparison with women with U-Cd < 0.50 mg/g of cr, those with U-Cd ! 0.75 mg/g of cr had odds ratios (ORs) of 2.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-3.97] and 1.97 (95% CI 1.24-3.14) for osteoporosis at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, respectively. Among never-smokers, the corresponding ORs were 3.47 (95% CI 1.46-8.23) and 3.26 (95% CI 1.44-7.38). For any first fracture (n ¼ 395), the OR was 1.16 (95% CI 0.89-1.50) comparing U-Cd ! 0.50 mg/g of cr with lower levels. Among never-smokers, the ORs (95% CIs) were 2.03 (1.33-3.09) for any first fracture, 2.06 (1.28-3.32) for first osteoporotic fracture, 2.18 (1.20-3.94) for first distal forearm fracture, and 1.89 (1.25-2.85) for multiple incident fractures. U-Cd at low environmental exposure from food in a general population of women showed modest but significant association with both BMD and fractures, especially in neversmokers, indicating a larger concern than previously known. ß

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Adverse Human Health Effects and Regulation of Metal Contaminants in Terrestrial Plant‐Derived Food and Phytopharmaceuticals

Kenny

Lucey

Furey

2020

Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants

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Environmental exposure to cadmium, forearm bone density, and risk of fractures: prospective population study

Cited by 391 publications

References 16 publications

Cadmium exposure in the population: from health risks to strategies of prevention

Cadmium exposure in the population: from health risks to strategies of prevention

Long-term cadmium exposure and the association with bone mineral density and fractures in a population-based study among women

Adverse Human Health Effects and Regulation of Metal Contaminants in Terrestrial Plant‐Derived Food and Phytopharmaceuticals

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