Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and quality of the home environment: effects on psychodevelopment in early childhood

Walkowiak, Jens; Wiener, Jörg-A; Fastabend, Annemarie; Heinzow, Birger; Krämer, Ursula; Schmidt, Eberhard; Steingruber, H; Wundram, Sabine; Winneke, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06654-5

Cited by 327 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In particular, studies in Taiwan (Chen et al 1992), Michigan (Jacobson et al 1985(Jacobson et al , 1990aJacobson and Jacobson 1996), Oswego, New York , The Netherlands (Patandin et al 1999), Germany (Walkowiak et al 2001;Winneke et al 1998), and the Faroe Islands (Budtz-Jorgensen et al 1999;Grandjean et al 2001) have now all reported negative associations between prenatal PCB exposure and measures of cognitive functioning in infancy or childhood. Only one published study in North Carolina has failed to find any association between PCB exposure and cognitive outcomes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a later report the results from the 7-, 18-, and 30-month Bayley assessments and 42-month Kaufman ABC assessment are discussed (Walkowiak et al 2001). A negative relationship between maternal milk PCB concentrations (sum of congeners 138, 153, and 180) and mental/motor development was observed at all four ages, but statistically significant associations were observed only at for covariates, including scores on the HOME scale, significant negative associations between maternal milk PCB concentration 2 weeks after birth and scores on both the Bayley mental and motor development scales were observed at 30 months of age.…”

Section: The German Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Schantz

Widholm

Rice

2003

Environ Health Perspect

454

294

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In the last decade advances in the analytic methods for quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have resulted in widespread availability of congener-specific analysis procedures, and large amounts of data on PCB congener profiles in soil, air, water, sediments, foodstuffs, and human tissues have become available. These data have revealed that the PCB residues in environmental media and human tissues may not closely resemble any of the commercial PCB mixtures, depending on source of exposure, bioaccumulation through the food chain, and weathering of PCBs in the environment. At the same time, toxicological research has led to a growing awareness that different classes of PCB congeners have different profiles of toxicity. These advances in analytic techniques and toxicological knowledge are beginning to influence the risk assessment process. As the data from ongoing PCB studies assessing the mediators of neurobehavioral outcomes in children are published, the weight of evidence for PCB effects on neurodevelopment is growing. Studies in Taiwan, Michigan (USA), New York (USA), Holland, Germany, and the Faroe Islands have all reported negative associations between prenatal PCB exposure and measures of cognitive functioning in infancy or childhood. The German study also reported a negative association between postnatal PCB exposure and cognitive function in early childhood--a result that had not been found in previous studies. Only one published study in North Carolina (USA) has failed to find an association between PCB exposure and cognitive outcomes. Despite the fact that several more recent studies have used congener-specific analytic techniques, there have been only limited attempts to assess the role of specific PCB congeners or classes of congeners in mediating neurodevelopmental outcomes. From a statistical standpoint, attempts to determine the role of individual congeners in mediating outcomes are hampered by the fact that concentrations of most individual congeners are highly correlated with each other and with total PCBs. From a toxicological standpoint, these efforts are hampered by the fact that many of the PCB congeners present in human tissues have never been studied in the laboratory, and their relative potency to produce nervous system effects is unknown. More complete information on the health effects of various congeners or congener classes would allow more informed scientific and risk assessment decisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The German Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Schantz

Widholm

Rice

2003

Environ Health Perspect

454

294

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“…The majority of studies examining the influence of toxicants on behavior test adult organisms or if they explore early development, they focus on general sensory or motor processing as a dependent variable [19,42,43]. If social behavior is investigated, it has been heavily weighted towards an examination of the caregiver and the changes in parental care directed towards the offspring during neonatal or juvenile stages [44][45][46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on maternal odor conditioning in rat pups

Cromwell

Johnson

McKnight

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are pervasive environmental contaminants that can have damaging effects on physiologic, motoric and cognitive function. Results from studies on PCBs and behavior have shown that exposure can alter learning and memory processes and that these shifts in cognitive abilities can be related to changes in hormonal and neural function. Little experimentation has been done on the impact of exposure to PCBs on social and emotional development. Previous work has shown that exposure to PCBs in children can alter play behavior. Importantly, exposure to PCBs has been found to change aspects of maternal-offspring interactions in rodents. The present study examined the impact of PCBs on maternal odor conditioning in rat pups 12-14 days of age. A modified version of the conditioned place preference paradigm was used that incorporated a maternal-associated odor cue (lemon scent) as the conditioned stimulus. PCBs significantly depressed the preference for the maternal-associated cue but did not impair discrimination for a novel odor. These effects could arise due to changes in the social dynamics between the dam and offspring after co-exposure to PCBs. For example, dams exposed to PCBs during gestation have been found to show elevated grooming directed towards pups exposed to PCBs. This change in maternal care can have dramatic effects on behavioral and hormonal systems in the developing rat pup. In conclusion, perinatal PCBs alter important social behaviors of both the mother and pup, and these alterations could have long-lasting effects on behavioral, cognitive and emotional development.

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“…Çevresel faktörler; prenatal ve neonatal dönemde manganez (16), poliklorlu bifeniller (17,18), nikotin (19) ve civa (20,21) maruziyeti ve bunların yanı sıra çocukluk döneminde arsenik (22,23), gıda boyaları ve katkı maddeleri (24), pestisitler (25) ve kurşun (26) maruziyetini içermektedir.…”

Section: Dikkat Eksikliği Ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Etiyolojisiunclassified

Oral and Dental Health Problems of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders, and Solution Proposals

Yetiş¹,

Kırzıoğlu²

2017

jpr

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GirişDikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), Amerikan Psikiyatri Derneği tarafından; çocukluk çağında, yaşa uygun olmayan seviyede dikkatsizlik, hiperaktivitedürtüsellik veya bunların kombinasyonu şeklinde kendini gösteren psikiyatrik bir bozukluk olarak tanımlanmaktadır (1).Çocuk ve ergenlerin yaklaşık %5-10'unu etkileyen, en yaygın görülen çocukluk çağı-başlangıçlı davranış bozukluğu (2) olan DEHB'nin, ülkemizde ve dünyada çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniklerine başvuran hastalarda en sık konulan tanılar arasında yer aldığı bildirilmektedir (3-5). Erkeklerde kızlara göre 8 kat daha fazla görülmekte olup (6), erkeklerde 6-9 yaş aralığında, kızlarda ise ergenlik döneminde prevalansının en yüksek seviyeye ulaştığı bildirilmiştir (7). ÖzABS TRACT Dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), yaşa uygun olmayan seviyede dikkatsizlik, hiperaktivite-dürtüsellik veya bunların kombinasyonu şeklinde kendini gösteren en yaygın görülen çocukluk çağı-başlangıçlı davranış bozukluğudur. DEHB etiyolojisinde genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin rolü bulunmaktadır. Hastalığın kendisinden kaynaklı davranışsal problemler ve ilaç yan etkileri nedeniyle eklenen sorunlar, DEHB'li çocukların ağız ve diş sağlığı açısından risk grubunda yer almasına ve çocuk diş hekimliğinde özel ilgi gereksinimi olan hasta grubuna dahil olmalarına neden olmaktadır. Tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçların ağız kuruluğuna neden olabildiği belirtilmiştir. DEHB olan çocukların düşük oral hijyen alışkanlıkları ve yüksek diş çürüğü prevalansına sahip oldukları bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca bruksizm gibi parafonksiyonel alışkanlıklar ve dental travmalar da bu çocuklarda daha sık gözlenmektedir. Bu derlemede DEHB görülen çocuklarda ağız diş sağlığı ve davranış yönlendirme sorunlarından bahsedilmekte ve çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dikkat eksikliği, hiperaktivite, diş sağlığı Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood onset behavioral disorder characterized by a developmentally inappropriate attention deficit, hyperactivity-impulsivity or a combination of these. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the etiology. Because of the behavioral problems sourced from the disease itself and side effects of the drugs used in therapy, children with ADHD take place in the risk group in terms of oral and dental health problems and they are included in the group of patients who need special attention in pediatric dentistry. Drugs used in the treatment are known to cause dry mouth. Children with ADHD have been reported to have low oral hygiene habits and a high prevalence of dental caries. Also, parafunctional habits such as bruxism and dental trauma are observed more frequently in these children. In this review, oral health and behavior management problems in children with ADHD are pointed out, and solutions are suggested.

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Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and quality of the home environment: effects on psychodevelopment in early childhood

Cited by 327 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on maternal odor conditioning in rat pups

Oral and Dental Health Problems of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders, and Solution Proposals

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