Environmental exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among older residents of upper Hudson River communities

Fitzgerald, Edward F.; Belanger, Erin E.; Gómez, Marta I.; Hwang, Syni‐An; Jansing, Robert L.; Hicks, Heraline E.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2007.01.010

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Geometric means of current PCB concentrations (wet weight, ng/g) in sera from archived cohort (N ¼ 45) for men, women, and all (men and women combined) capacitor workers a . 101, 99, 146, 138, 178, 187, 183, 167, 174, 177, 153, 172, 180, 170, 201, and 203 serum PCB concentration of 6.65 ng/g (wet weight) or 1.02 mg/g (lipid weight) is approximately twofold higher than that for similarly aged individuals who resided in the same towns at that time, but did not work at GE (Fitzgerald et al, 2007a). This finding, that PCB levels remain elevated more than 30 years after the last direct occupational exposure to PCBs, confirms not only the high levels of occupational exposure but also our estimates of long half-lives for many congeners.…”

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confidence: 96%

Estimating the half-lives of PCB congeners in former capacitor workers measured over a 28-year interval

Seegal

Fitzgerald

Hills

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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To date, most estimates of the half-life of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in humans have been based on relatively short follow-up periods. To address this issue, we determined the half-lives of PCB congeners of occupational origin in the serum of former capacitor workers as part of a study conducted in [2003][2004][2005][2006] F approximately 28 years after their last occupational exposure. A total of 241 persons from a source population of 6798 former capacitor workers were interviewed and asked to donate a blood sample for serum PCB congener analysis. A subgroup of 45 participants also had serum archived from 1976 and reanalyzed for the same 27 PCB congeners by the same laboratory. Our estimates of the half-lives of the congeners among these 45 persons were longer than those reported by Wolff et al. (1992), due primarily to the much longer interval between exposure and determination of serum PCB concentrations. Half-lives were significantly greater for the heavy versus light occupational congeners, for women versus men and for those with low versus high initial exposure. Current serum total PCB concentrations, expressed as the geometric mean of wet weight data, averaged 6.7 ng/g for the entire 241-person cohort, which represents a 10-fold decrease from values reported in the late 1970s, but is still nearly twice the average for persons of similar age residing in the same area, but without occupational exposure. In addition, current serum PCB concentrations remained significantly and positively associated with earlier occupational exposure, but were not associated with fresh water fish consumption. In general, the results support a consistent and long-duration trend of increased PCB body burden in this cohort of former capacitor workers compared with non-occupationally exposed individuals. The results may aid in further understanding the toxicological/epidemiological consequences of exposure to PCBs in humans.

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confidence: 96%

Estimating the half-lives of PCB congeners in former capacitor workers measured over a 28-year interval

Seegal

Fitzgerald

Hills

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Due to these unique physical and chemical properties, PCBs have been widely used in many products, especially in transformers and power capacitors (Fitzgerald et al, 2007). Until 1971, 61% of PCBs were used in closed electrical systems, 13% were used in nominally closed systems, and 26% were used in open-end applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, they are called Aroclor, Pyranol, or Pyroclor in the United States, Phenoclor and Pyralene in France, Clophen and Elaol in Germany, Kanechlor and Santotherm in Japan, Fenchlor and Apirolio in Italy, and Sovol in the Soviet Union. According to previous reports, there were about 1,326,000 tons PCBs produced and used since 1930; the production details are shown in Table 1 (Breivik et al, 2007;Fitzgerald et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These concerns rise not only due to the large amounts of PCBs released into the environment, but also because of their developmental toxicity, cancer risk, and dangers to human and wildlife health (Di and Chang, 2011). Because they are lipophilic, hydrophobic, and persistent, it is easy for PCBs to gather in fatty tissue through the food chain (Fitzgerald et al, 2007). Under a long time of exposure to PCBs, the human skin and liver are most vulnerable to damage, as well as the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, and nervous system (Mukerjee 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution in indoor air environment

Dai

Xia

Weng

2016

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were widely used in industrial production due to the unique physical and chemical properties. As a kind of persistent organic pollutants, the PCBs would lead to environment pollution and cause serious problems for human health. Thus, they have been banned since the 1980s due to the environment pollution in the past years. Indoor air is the most direct and important environment medium to human beings; thus, the PCBs pollution research in indoor air is important for the protection of human health. This paper introduces the industrial application and potential harm of PCBs, summarizes the sampling, extracting, and analytical methods of environment monitoring, and compares the indoor air levels of urban areas with those of industrial areas in different countries according to various reports. This paper can provide a basic summary for PCBs pollution control in the indoor air environment.

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“…Regarding the serum concentrations of the 241-person cohort as a whole, their geometric mean 2004 level for total serum PCB concentration of 6.65 ng/g (wet weight) or 1.02 mg/g (lipid weight) is approximately twofold higher than that for similarly aged individuals who resided in the same towns at that time, but did not work at GE (Fitzgerald et al, 2007a). This finding, that PCB levels remain elevated more than 30 years after the last direct occupational exposure to PCBs, confirms not only the high levels of occupational exposure but also our estimates of long half-lives for many congeners.…”

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confidence: 99%

PCBs Alter Dopamine Mediated Function in Aging Workers

Seegal¹

2011

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER E-Mail:5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER seegal@wadsworth.org PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT ABSTRACTWe hypothesized that occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) reduces dopamine (DA) terminal densities in the basal ganglia. We found, using -CIT imaging, a significant negative relationship between current serum PCB concentrations and the density of -CIT binding only in women. We also determined that bone lead, measured using XRF fluorescent techniques, is associated with greater decrements in memory, executive function and motor function in women compared to similarly aged men with similar bone lead levels. These latter findings are the first to demonstrate a sexual dimorphism in these behaviors associated with low to moderate bone lead concentrations. We are writing a manuscript describing changes in these behaviors with bone lead and have previously published two manuscripts describing: (i) the effects of PCB exposure on -CIT and (ii) the half lives of PCB congeners over a 28 year interval. DAMD17-02-1-0173 Final Report -April 2011 PCBs Alter Dopamine Mediated Function in Aging WorkersSeegal, Richard F.3 INTRODUCTIONAging former capacitor workers, previously employed at capacitor manufacturing facilities located approximately fifty miles north of Albany, NY underwent neuropsychological and neurological exams; completed a comprehensive occupational, residential and dietary questionnaire; had blood drawn to measure serum thyroid hormone and PCB concentrations and underwent a non-invasive test to determine bone lead concentrations in Albany, NY. Finally, approximately 40% of the subjects participated in a second...

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Environmental exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among older residents of upper Hudson River communities

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Estimating the half-lives of PCB congeners in former capacitor workers measured over a 28-year interval

Estimating the half-lives of PCB congeners in former capacitor workers measured over a 28-year interval

A review of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution in indoor air environment

PCBs Alter Dopamine Mediated Function in Aging Workers

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