Behavioral traits are the main controllable factors for domesticating cattle. The traits profoundly influence on the longevity of cattle and play a remarkable role in animal welfare assessment and animal ethics limitations determination. In the present study, the genetics of cattle behavior is discussed. Current breeding status of cattle behavioral traits is also reviewed, regarding the high individual variation of behavioral traits and almost high correlations between the traits and performance. Moreover, recent findings of characterizing quantitative trait loci (QTL) for behavioral traits of cattle is considered, as well as the most important problems in the breeding of cattle behavioral traits such as a large variety of methods which are used to evaluate the traits.