Environmental factors and insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

Rayfield, Elliot J.; Ishimura, Kazumi

doi:10.1002/dmr.5610030406

Cited by 35 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…Chemical diabetes has been known since 1943, when Dunn et al accidentally found that ALX caused islet necr0sis.5~ Since then, the diabetogenicity of ALX as well as other diabetogenic drugs (STZ, pentamidine, Vacor) has been extensively studied (for reviews see refs [54][55][56][57]. Similar to the in vitro effects, ALX and STZ seem to have different modes of action in vivo.…”

Section: B Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide treatment in the prevention of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

Mandrup‐Poulsen

Reimers

Andersen

et al. 1993

Diabetes Metab. Rev.

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Section: B Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide treatment in the prevention of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

Mandrup‐Poulsen

Reimers

Andersen

et al. 1993

Diabetes Metab. Rev.

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“…The most commonly reported environmental factors include: viruses, . such as those that cause mumps, Coxsackie infections, cytomegalovirus infections, and rubella (Kemper, 1947;Forrest et al, 1971;Sultz et al, 1975;Yoon et al, 1979Yoon et al, , 1987aGamble et al, 1984;Ginsberg-Fellner et al, 1985;Helmke et al, 1986;Loria et al, 1986;Banatuala, 1987;Harris, 1987;Rayfield and Ishmura, 1987;Pak et al, 1988;Suenaga and Yoon, 1988;Ciampolillo et al, 1989); environmental toxins, such as Alloxan, streptozotocin, Vacor, and nitrosamines (Karam et al, 1980;Helgason and Jonasson, 1981;Bouchard et al, 1982;Helgason et al, 1982); arsenic (Lai et al, 1994); diazoxide and corticosteroids (Ferner, 1992); nutrients, such as foods containing N-nitroso compounds (Helgason et al, 1982); and stress (Drash, 1990). …”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Trichloroethylene — a Review of the Literature From a Health Effects Perspective

Gist

Burg

1995

Toxicol Ind Health

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This report reviews the literature on the impact of exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) on human health. Special emphasis is given to the health effects reported in excess of national norms by participants in the TCE Subregistry of the Volatile Organic Compounds Registry of the National Exposure Registries--persons with documented exposure to TCE through drinking and use of contaminated water. The health effects reported in excess by some or all of the sex and age groups studied were speech and hearing impairments, effects of stroke, liver problems, anemia and other blood disorders, diabetes, kidney disease, urinary tract disorders, and skin rashes.

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“…Multiple viral infections have been documented to precede the onset of diabetes (Gamble 1977, 1980. Rayfield & Ishimura 1987, Dyrberg 1990) and relapse in MS (Sibley 1985, Andersen et al 1993, Panitch 1994. Viruses have been shown to cause both diabetes (Hultquist et al 1973, Craighead 1975, Notkins 1977, Jenson et al 1980, Patterson et al 1981, Pak et al 1988, Yoon et al 1989) and demyelination (Miller & Rodriguez 1995) in atiimal models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Transgenic Mouse Models to Dissect the Pathogenesis of Virus‐Induced Autoimmune Disorders of the Islets of Langerhans and the Central Nervous System

Herrath¹,

Evans²,

Horwitz³

et al. 1996

Immunological Reviews

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Viruses have often been associated with autoimmune diseases. One mechanism by which self-destruction can be triggered is molecular mimicry. Many examples of cross-reactive immune responses between pathogens and self-antigens have been described. This review presents two transgenic models of autoimmune disease induced by a virus through activation of anti-self lymphocytes. Viral antigens are expressed as transgenes either in beta-cells of the pancreas or in the oligodendrocytes of the CNS. Infection by a virus encoding the same gene activated autoreactive T cells that cleared the viral infection, and as a consequence of transgene expression resulted in organ-specific autoimmune disease. In both transgenic mouse models, autoreactive lymphocytes that escaped thymic negative selection were present in the periphery. Several factors are described that play a role in the regulation of the self-reactive process precipitated by a viral infection. These include the quantity of activated autoreactive T cells, the affinity of these T cells, the number of memory T cells generated following primary infection, costimulation by accessory molecules, and the types and locations of cytokines produced. In addition, unique barriers exist in target tissues that prevent or suppress autoreactive responses and define to a large extent the outcome of disease. Restimulation of autoreactive memory lymphocytes may be required to bypass these barriers and enhance autoimmune disease. Therapy directed at modifying these factors can reduce and even prevent autoimmune disease after it has been initiated.

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Environmental factors and insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

Cited by 35 publications

References 198 publications

Nicotinamide treatment in the prevention of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

Nicotinamide treatment in the prevention of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

Trichloroethylene — a Review of the Literature From a Health Effects Perspective

Using Transgenic Mouse Models to Dissect the Pathogenesis of Virus‐Induced Autoimmune Disorders of the Islets of Langerhans and the Central Nervous System

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