Environmental Factors Associated with Altered Gut Microbiota in Children with Eczema: A Systematic Review

Chan, Carmen W.H.; Wong, Rosa S.; Law, Patrick Tik Wan; Wong, Cho Lee; Tsui, Stephen Kwok‐Wing; Tang, Winnie P.Y.; Sit, Janet W H

doi:10.3390/ijms17071147

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Chan et al ., in a review of four cohort and two case–control studies (1990 participants), concluded that a number of external factors may contribute to altered gut microbiota in children with AE, including length of gestation, mode of delivery, breast‐feeding, antibiotic use, number of older siblings and other lifestyle factors. However, failure to control for important confounders and heterogeneity in the methods used to assess gut microbiota made it impossible to draw conclusions about how these factors may influence the development of AE.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What's new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2016. Part 2: Epidemiology, aetiology and risk factors

et al. 2019

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Summary This review forms part of a series of annual updates that summarize the evidence base for atopic eczema (AE), providing a succinct guide for clinicians and patients. It presents the key findings from 14 systematic reviews published in 2016, focusing on AE epidemiology, aetiology and risk factors. For systematic reviews on the treatment and prevention of AE and for nomenclature and outcome assessments, see Parts 1 and 3 of this update, respectively. The annual self‐reported prevalence of AE is a range of 11.4–24.2%, compared with a general practioner‐diagnosed prevalence of 1.8–9.5%. The mean age of AE diagnosis is 1.6 years. Persistent AE is associated with more severe disease at the time of diagnosis, onset after the age of 2 years and female sex. There is a significant association between having AE and subsequent development of food allergy. Food allergy is also associated with more severe and persistent AE. No consistent association was found between the timing of allergenic food introduction and the risk of developing AE. Evidence from heterogeneous studies indicates that skin absorption is increased in patients with AE, and that there is increased colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in lesional and nonlesional skin and the nasal mucosa of patients with AE compared with controls. There is uncertain evidence indicating an association between AE and smoking exposure, antenatal infection and low maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy. Weak evidence suggests an increased risk of basal cell carcinoma, but not of melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma, while the risk of glioma is reduced.

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Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What's new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2016. Part 2: Epidemiology, aetiology and risk factors

et al. 2019

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“…The prevalence of child eczema is higher in affluent than non‐affluent countries . The prevalence in developed countries for instance Australia, New Zeeland, and United Kingdom is more than 20% whereas in developing countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, and India is less than 10% .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hygiene practices: Are they protective factors for eczema symptoms?

Ferrandiz-Mont¹,

Wahyuniati

Chen³

et al. 2018

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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IntroductionExact etiology and proper treatment of eczema are still unknown. The hygiene hypothesis and epidermal barrier dysfunction hypothesis attempted to give some plausible explanations for these issues but they still remain unclear. The identification of factors, including hygiene practices, related to eczema symptoms (ES) could shed some light on these matters. Therefore, this study aimed to determine risk factors related to ES and the ES prevalence in two disparate areas in terms of urbanization in Aceh, Indonesia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted among schoolchildren living in urban and rural Aceh. Data on ES, socio‐demographic characteristics, environmental factors, partial ablution and other hygiene related factors were collected by parental questionnaires. In addition, children's anthropometric measurements were also collected.ResultsThe prevalence of current ES in the study population was 21%. When stratifying by residency, the prevalence of ES in urban and rural area was 20.93% versus 21.05%. Partial ablution was independently associated with a reduced risk of ES (OR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.13–0.96). Important risk factors for ES were paternal history of allergic disease (OR = 4.09%; 95% CI 1.51–11.11) and belonging to the older group of schoolchildren (10–13 years old) (OR = 2.57; 95% CI 1.03–6.40).ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in the prevalence of ES between urban and rural settings, and partial ablution had a protective effect on ES. These findings support the epidermal barrier dysfunction hypothesis as a possible pathway of eczema.

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“…The gastrointestinal tract is home to microorganisms that live in a symbiotic relationship with the host, and are key determinants of health and disease by influencing nutrient absorption, barrier function, and immune development [24,25]. Recent investigations revealed that changes in gut microbiota and their metabolites have implications in many inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, functional gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and wound-healing [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Rhythm Shapes the Gut Microbiota Affecting Host Radiosensitivity

Cui

Xiao

Luo

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Modern lifestyles, such as shift work, nocturnal social activities, and jet lag, disturb the circadian rhythm. The interaction between mammals and the co-evolved intestinal microbiota modulates host physiopathological processes. Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of modern management of malignancies; however, it was previously unknown whether circadian rhythm disorder impairs prognosis after radiotherapy. To investigate the effect of circadian rhythm on radiotherapy, C57BL/6 mice were housed in different dark/light cycles, and their intestinal bacterial compositions were compared using high throughput sequencing. The survival rate, body weight, and food intake of mice in diverse cohorts were measured following irradiation exposure. Finally, the enteric bacterial composition of irradiated mice that experienced different dark/light cycles was assessed using 16S RNA sequencing. Intriguingly, mice housed in aberrant light cycles harbored a reduction of observed intestinal bacterial species and shifts of gut bacterial composition compared with those of the mice kept under 12 h dark/12 h light cycles, resulting in a decrease of host radioresistance. Moreover, the alteration of enteric bacterial composition of mice in different groups was dissimilar. Our findings provide novel insights into the effects of biological clocks on the gut bacterial composition, and underpin that the circadian rhythm influences the prognosis of patients after radiotherapy in a preclinical setting.

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Environmental Factors Associated with Altered Gut Microbiota in Children with Eczema: A Systematic Review

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

What's new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2016. Part 2: Epidemiology, aetiology and risk factors

What's new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2016. Part 2: Epidemiology, aetiology and risk factors

Hygiene practices: Are they protective factors for eczema symptoms?

Circadian Rhythm Shapes the Gut Microbiota Affecting Host Radiosensitivity

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