Environmental Factors Associated with Deep Chlorophyll Maxima in Dry Valley Lakes, South Victoria Land, Antarctica

Burnett, Laura; Moorhead, Daryl L.; Hawes, Ian; Howard‐Williams, Clive

doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[179:efawdc]2.0.co;2

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…During the summer, 0.5% to 3% of incident light penetrates the ice cover, and illumination declines with depth with an extinction coefficient of 0.5-0.6 m -1 (Howard-Williams et al, 1998). There is a sharp chlorophyll maximum in the planktonic community at ~8 m, just above the depth at which O 2 concentration and planktonic net photosynthesis fall to zero (e.g., Vincent, 1981;McKnight et al, 2000;Burnett et al, 2006;Vick-Majors et al, 2014). There are extensive benthic mat communities extending from the moat around the margin of the lake to ~11 m depth that are dominated by cyanobacteria, diatoms, and heterotrophic bacteria (e.g., Wharton et al, 1983;Taton et al, 2003).…”

Section: Lake Fryxellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antarctic microbial mats: A modern analog for Archean lacustrine oxygen oases

Sumner

Hawes

Mackey

et al. 2015

Geology

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The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis was the most important geochemical event in Earth history, causing the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) ~2.4 b.y. ago. However, evidence is mixed as to whether O 2 production occurred locally as much as 2.8 b.y. ago, creating O 2 oases, or initiated just prior to the GOE. The biogeochemical dynamics of possible O 2 oases have been poorly constrained due to the absence of modern analogs. However, cyanobacteria in microbial mats in a perennially anoxic region of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, create a 1-2 mm O 2 -containing layer in the upper mat during summer, providing the first known modern analog for formation of benthic O 2 oases. In Lake Fryxell, benthic cyanobacteria are present below the oxycline in the lake. Mat photosynthesis rates were slow due to low photon flux rate (1-2 µmol m -2 s -1) under thick ice cover, but photosynthetic O 2 production was sufficient to sustain up to 50 µmol O 2 L -1

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Section: Lake Fryxellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antarctic microbial mats: A modern analog for Archean lacustrine oxygen oases

Sumner

Hawes

Mackey

et al. 2015

Geology

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“…Subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) occur in a variety of environments from fresh water (Fahnenstiel & Glime, 1983), brackish water (Seppälä & Balode, 1999), estuaries (Figuerias & Pazos, 1991), the coastal zone (Djurfeldt, 1994), shelf areas (Sharpless et al, 2001), the open ocean (Odate & Furuya, 1998) and even in permanently ice-covered Antarctic lakes (Burnett et al, 2006). There has been focus on SCM in general (Cullen, 1982;Bjørnsen et al, 1993;Sharpless et al, 2001) such as their dynamics (Kononen et al, 1998(Kononen et al, , 2003 and maintenance (Cullen & Eppley, 1981;Takahashi & Hori, 1984;Banse, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) location and extension in the water column as governed by a density interface in the strongly stratified Kattegat estuary

Lund-Hansen

2011

Hydrobiologia

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The aims of the study were to analyse the relations between the physics of a water column and the location of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) peaks in a strongly stratified estuary. Could extension and depth location of the SCM be explained by the physical conditions in terms of water column stratification and density interface? Questions were addressed by obtaining data on water column density (CTD), chlorophyll a (Chl a), nutrients, (F v /F m ), r PSII and K d (PAR) at 15 positions along a 575 km transect in the Kattegat estuary. Results showed that the estuary was strongly stratified with mixed surface and bottom layers intercepted by a layer where density increased with depth. The SCM occurred only in this density interface, and widths of SCM and density interface were highly correlated. The surface waters were nearly depleted of inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate though with significant higher concentrations in the waters below the interface. The Chl a concentration was comparatively higher in the SCM peak as well as maximum quantum efficiency (F v /F m ) and functional cross sectional area (r PSII ). The SCM was maintained at very low light levels and by a diapycnal nitrogen flux, with a stratified water column and nutrient depleted surface waters as predecessors. It was concluded that the depth location and vertical extension of the SCM in the estuary were closely linked to the physical structure of the water column in terms of density interface and stratification.

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“…These dense aggregations of phytoplankton can be manifest as deep chlorophyll maxima (DCMs), a phenomenon that is observed widely, reported from all the world's oceans (Cullen 1982;Huisman et al 2006), from coastal shelves (Hickman et al 2009), as well as from transparent stratified lakes of a wide range of sizes and geographic distribution (Camacho et al 2003;Burnett et al 2006;Pannard et al 2011). DCMs have been reported in the pelagic waters of all the Laurentian Great Lakes (Moll and Stoermer 1982;Barbiero and Tuchman 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

A deep chlorophyll maximum nourishes benthic filter feeders in the coastal zone of a large clear lake

Malkin¹,

Silsbe²,

Smith³

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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Water column profiles demonstrated that a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) in the littoral zone of Lake Ontario intersected the benthos during the development of stratification. We hypothesized that elevated food supply near the lake bottom may be nourishing littoral-zone benthic suspension feeders during this time. Chlorophyll fluorescence was monitored at three heights above the lake bottom, together with near-bottom water velocity using down-facing acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), at three coastal stations along a crossshore transect. Concurrently, growth rates of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) caged at the lake bottom were compared with mussels suspended 2 m above the bottom. Over a 3-month period beginning April, caged lakebottom mussels grew rapidly (mean biomass-specific growth rate 5 1.08 yr 21 ), while over a 3-month period beginning July, bottom mussels experienced a decrease in biomass (20.74 yr 21 ). Suspended mussels always grew significantly faster than bottom mussels (2.3 and 2.2 yr 21 in Apr and Jul experiments, respectively), affirming previously predicted growth inhibition on the lake bottom due to seston depletion. The different growth rate between seasons of the caged-bottom mussels was most likely attributable to differences in near-bottom chlorophyll concentrations. There was significantly higher chlorophyll a concentration near the lake bottom during the April experiment (average of two stations closest to shore 5 2.7 mg L 21 ) relative to the July experiment (0.21 mg L 21 at the same stations). We suggest that littoral-zone quagga mussels are nourished during the onset of stratification via development of a DCM.

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Environmental Factors Associated with Deep Chlorophyll Maxima in Dry Valley Lakes, South Victoria Land, Antarctica

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Antarctic microbial mats: A modern analog for Archean lacustrine oxygen oases

Antarctic microbial mats: A modern analog for Archean lacustrine oxygen oases

Subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) location and extension in the water column as governed by a density interface in the strongly stratified Kattegat estuary

A deep chlorophyll maximum nourishes benthic filter feeders in the coastal zone of a large clear lake

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