Environmental factors in multiple sclerosis

Pantazou, Vasiliki; Schluep, Myriam; Pasquier, Renaud Du

doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2015.01.001

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Pantazou et al [ 54 ] described the gut-brain axis and demonstrated that intestinal bacteria affect neuroendocrine function and the maturation of the brain by stimulating migration of CD4+ T cells that express CD39 in the brain [ 55 ]. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been used as a model to explore MS and other demyelinating autoimmune diseases of the CNS.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Gut Microbiota Influence Immunity and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology?

Adamczyk-Sowa

Medrek

Madej

et al. 2017

Journal of Immunology Research

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Aim. Evaluation of the impact of gut microflora on the pathophysiology of MS. Results. The etiopathogenesis of MS is not fully known. Gut microbiota may be of a great importance in the pathogenesis of MS, since recent findings suggest that substitutions of certain microbial population in the gut can lead to proinflammatory state, which can lead to MS in humans. In contrast, other commensal bacteria and their antigenic products may protect against inflammation within the central nervous system. The type of intestinal flora is affected by antibiotics, stress, or diet. The effects on MS through the intestinal microflora can also be achieved by antibiotic therapy and Lactobacillus. EAE, as an animal model of MS, indicates a strong influence of the gut microbiota on the immune system and shows that disturbances in gut physiology may contribute to the development of MS. Conclusions. The relationship between the central nervous system, the immune system, and the gut microbiota relates to the influence of microorganisms in the development of MS. A possible interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system can be perceived through regulation by the endocannabinoid system. It may offer an opportunity to understand the interaction comprised in the gut-immune-brain axis.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Gut Microbiota Influence Immunity and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology?

Adamczyk-Sowa

Medrek

Madej

et al. 2017

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…In terms of etiological factors, MS is a complex disease and both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. While a few genes have been reported to increase individual susceptibility to develop MS, and some environmental factors have been identified such as low levels of serum vitamin D and low UV light exposure, smoking, obesity, and infections have also been associated with the disease [ 4 – 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description and preliminary experience with Virtual Visit Assessment (ViVA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, a structured virtual management protocol for patients with multiple sclerosis

Bergamaschi¹,

Tronconi²,

Bosone³

et al. 2021

Neurol Sci

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In people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), strict follow-up is essential. Telemedicine has the potential to overcome many of the difficulties in routine management. Herein, we present a structured protocol that can be used to remotely manage patients with MS, describing in detail the steps to be taken and exams needed at each stage. A working group was established which developed a tailored protocol that can be adapted to a variety of settings. The overall protocol consisted of 5 phases: enrolment, document sharing phase, pre-evaluation, virtual visit, and post-visit phase, which was divided into 14 individual steps. As of October 2020, 25 virtual visits have been carried out, all via Skype. The patient’s caregiver was present during visits and had an active role. The average duration of the virtual visit was 24 min, and that of the pre-visit and post-visit were around 15 min each. Overall satisfaction as rated by physicians was considered high (8.0 ± 0.5). Using the system usability scale (SUS), patients also favorably rated the virtual visit (96.6 ± 6.1). In 20% of cases, the virtual visit was not sufficient to provide adequate information and an in-person clinical visit was recommended. The described protocol has the potential to provide benefits for the healthcare system as well as patients and their caregivers both during and beyond COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…Adult population case-control studies have shown that smoking or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) promotes the disease progression and increases the recurrence of MS (Alphonsus and D’Arcy, 2019; Rosso and Chitnis, 2020). However, evidence for the impact of early-life exposure to ETS on adulthood MS development is not certain and even conflicting in the literature (Montgomery et al, 2008; Pantazou et al, 2015; Pronovost and Hsiao, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Postnatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure Aggravates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Adult Rats

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Although substantial evidence supports smoking as a risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) in adulthood, it remains controversial as to whether early-life exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) increases the risk of MS later in life. Here, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an animal model for MS, we show that exposing neonatal rats during the 1st week (ETS1-EAE), but not the 2nd week (ETS2-EAE) and the 3rd week (ETS3-EAE) after birth, increased the severity of EAE in adulthood in comparison to pups exposed to filtered compressed air (AIR-EAE). The EST1-EAE rats showed a worse neurological deficit score and a significant increase in CD4+ cell infiltration, demyelination, and axonal injury in the spinal cord compared to AIR-EAE, ETS2-EAE, and ETS3-EAE groups. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the ETS1 group had decreased numbers of regulatory T (Treg) cells and increased effector T (Teff) cells in the brain and spinal cord. The expressions of Treg upstream regulator Foxp3 and downstream cytokines such as IL-10 were also altered accordingly. Together, these findings demonstrate that neonatal ETS exposure suppresses Treg functions and aggravates the severity of EAE, confirming early-life exposure to EST as a potential risk factor for multiple sclerosis in adulthood.

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Environmental factors in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 26 publications

References 95 publications

Does the Gut Microbiota Influence Immunity and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology?

Does the Gut Microbiota Influence Immunity and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology?

Description and preliminary experience with Virtual Visit Assessment (ViVA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, a structured virtual management protocol for patients with multiple sclerosis

Early Postnatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure Aggravates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Adult Rats

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