Environmental factors that shape biofilm formation

Abstract

Cells respond to the environment and alter gene expression. Recent studies have revealed the social aspects of bacterial life, such as biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is largely affected by the environment, and the mechanisms by which the gene expression of individual cells affects biofilm development have attracted interest. Environmental factors determine the cell's decision to form or leave a biofilm. In addition, the biofilm structure largely depends on the environment, implying that biofilms are shaped to adapt to local conditions. Second messengers such as cAMP and c-di-GMP are key factors that link environmental factors with gene regulation. Cell-to-cell communication is also an important factor in shaping the biofilm. In this short review, we will introduce the basics of biofilm formation and further discuss environmental factors that shape biofilm formation. Finally, the state-of-the-art tools that allow us investigate biofilms under various conditions are discussed.

Microbiota in a cooling-lubrication circuit and an option for controlling triethanolamine biodegradation

“…Despite the sedimentation in the settling basin, effluent and influent samples were similar in their community composition, which suggests that the settling process is not selective. The difference between biofilm and influent-effluent samples indicates that the biofilm microbiota is not solely a sedimentation of the liquid CLC system but offered and created conditions for a specific community composition, as has been shown for other habitats (Toyofuku et al 2015;Liu et al 2009). The fact that biofilm is not constantly submerged in cooling liquid and therefore not in steady contact with the circuit flow might have supported the development of a different community composition ( Figure 2C).…”

Assessment the effect of non-thermal plasma on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formtion in vitro

“…The temperature, pH and type of the surfaces control the biofilm formation [7]. A huge number of studies focused on the above mentioned factors and role of their roles on biofilm formation by Gram positive and negative bacteria [8].…”

Biofilm and Diabetic Foot Infections

“…Biyofilm oluşu-mu çevresel, kimyasal ve fiziksel faktörlerle oldukça iliş-kilidir. Sıcaklık, oksidatif stres ve sitokinler konak immün yanıtı üzerinden biyofilm oluşumuna etki eder (18). pH, oksijen, glukoz gibi çevresel etmenlerle biyofilm oluşu-mu arasında önemli bir ilişki vardır.…”