Environmental fate and effects of PAHs in tropical mariculture ponds near the northern South China Sea: Rainfall plays a key role

Sources of the Elevating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution in the Western South China Sea and Its Environmental Implications

“…More PAHs may enter the surface water environment of the SCS during the day than at night due to atmospheric deposition, with three- and four-ring PAHs being the most significant (Figure S9-b,c). The rainfall process can effectively remove SVOCs from the atmosphere and allow them to migrate into the surface system through wet deposition. , The ∑ 15 PAHs in the dissolved phase had significantly higher wet deposition fluxes (2239–36,002 ng/m 2 /day) than the ∑ 15 PAHs in the particle phase (1131–11,518 ng/m 2 /day) ( t test, p < 0.01) (Tables S20–S21).…”

“…LRT impacts the PAH biogeochemical cycle in the SS, where complex multiple pollutants often cause sources of PAHs, whereas in the DS, sources are mainly affected by the synergistic effect of the biological pump, microbial pump, and physical pump. According to the summary of predecessors, ,,, molecular diagnosis, principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) results are shown in Text S8 and Figures S16–S18. The results of the two quantitative methods are consistent (Figure S19).…”

“…Furthermore, increasing SST promotes ocean evaporation and precipitation and makes the removal of atmospheric particulate easier. 43,44 Gas-Particle Partitioning. To understand the environmental behavior of PAHs in the atmosphere in the WSCS, we compared the calculated gas/particle distribution coefficient (K p ) with that of the classical model (Text S4).…”

“…Deep-Sea Sediment−Water Diffusion. To reveal the environmental behavior of PAHs in the deep sea, we analyzed the distribution coefficient 43,74 and fugacity fraction (ff) 75 between the sediment and the water system. The effects of organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) were simultaneously considered in the calculation results (Text S6).…”

“…LRT impacts the PAH biogeochemical cycle in the SS, where complex multiple pollutants often cause sources of PAHs, whereas in the DS, sources are mainly affected by the synergistic effect of the biological pump, microbial pump, and physical pump. According to the summary of predecessors, 4,6,17,43 S19). Generally, the SS and DS of SCS have the same primary sources of PAHs.…”